radiobiology

Question 1

Biological effects from exposure to ionizing radiation appear to follow a _____ dose

Answer 1

linear, non threshold

Question 2

term for the normal cellular functions and divisions that amplify the injury.

Answer 2

cellular amplification

Question 3

The phenomenon most frequently in growing tissue exposed to radiation is the _____.

Answer 3

cessation of cell division

may be temporary or permanent

Question 4

Time lag is referred to as _____.

Answer 4

latent period

Question 5

____ is : immediate or early effects of radiation. Effects appear within minutes, days or weeks.

Answer 5

short term

Question 6

____ is delayed or later effects of radiation. Effects appear within years, decades and generations later.

Answer 6

Long term

Question 7

____ effects Appear within minutes, days or weeks after radiation exposure

Answer 7

early nonstochastic

– Severity of effect is dose related

Question 8

___ effects on many people is cause for greater concern than the ____ effects.

Answer 8

1. long term effects

2. Short-term effects

Question 9

Radation exposure are those which may manifest themselves years after the original exposure

Answer 9

Long term effects

Question 10

What are 2 types of long term effects

Answer 10

1. Somatic damage

2. Genetic mutations

Question 11

Name effects of somatic damage

Answer 11

1. cancer
2. birth defects
3. cateracts

Question 12

_____ may show up generations after the original radiation damage.

Answer 12

gentetic mutations

Question 13

what are somatic dose indicatiors?

Answer 13

1. injuries to superficial tissue
2. Induction of cancer
3. Cateract formation
4. Impaired fertility
5. Life-span shortening
6. injuries to developing fetus

Question 14

Somatic doses are based on measurements of the dose at specific locations which are

1. _____
2. ____
3. ____

Answer 14

1. Bone marrow
2. Skin
3. Thyroid

Question 15

what are the 3 reasons in which doses are not uniformly distributed throughout the body

Answer 15

1. Primary x-ray beam
2. Shielding or protection

3 Natural shielding

Question 16

What are a few of high bone marrow dose exams

Answer 16

1. Barium enema
2. Upper GI series
3. Abdominal angio

Question 17

_____ refers to effects exhibited in future offspring of persons who have been irradiated

Answer 17

genetic dose

2 types:

1. Inherited
2. Genetic

Question 18

What are the most radiosensitve cells in the body?

Answer 18

spermatogonia

Question 19

Mature spermatozoa are quite ______.

Answer 19

radioresistant

Question 20

GSD is a function of which 3 paremters

Answer 20

1. # of future children
2. X-ray exam rate
3. Mean gonad dose per exam

Question 21

The ____ GSD, the ___ number of mutations.

Answer 21

1. lower

2. Lower

Question 22

Radiation induced cancers occur in which parts of the body:

Answer 22

1. Female breast
2. Thyroid gland
3. Hemopoietic tissue
4. Lungs
5. GI tract
6. Bones