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RT 55 (fluoroscopy) > Digital fluoroscopy > Flashcards

Digital fluoroscopy Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the smallest element of a digital image

A

pixels

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2
Q

_____ image is usually composed of a two dimensional matrix of pixels

A

digital image

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3
Q

____ = the number of pixels in each row and column of the image

A

Matrix size

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4
Q

relating to the matrix how is the image size more faithfully reproduced >

A

as matrix size increases and pixel size decreases

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5
Q

Digital fluoro operates in ___ mode ???

A

radiographic mode

Greater than 100 mA

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6
Q

Standard fluoro operates in ___ mode

A

fluoro mode

Less than 5 mA

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7
Q

____ is the pulsed beam method utilized in digital fluoro to keep pt. dose down

A

Pulse- progressive fluoro

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8
Q

how many ms of fluoro are required to obtain a single video frame

A

33 ms

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9
Q

___ is the fraction of time an x-ray tube is energised

A

duty cycle

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10
Q

Describe interrogation time

A

time required for x-ray tube to switch on

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11
Q

Describe extinction time

A

Time required for x-ray tube to switch off

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12
Q

CCD have ____ to make interrogation and extinction time < than ___

A
  1. high frequency generators

2. less than 1 ms

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13
Q

What is the function of a CCD

name principal advantages

A

turns light signal from output phosphor into electrical signal

  1. Durable
  2. Small size
  3. Ruggedness
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14
Q

What is an ADC and what is it function

A

Analog digital Converter

*Turns electrical signal from CCD into a digital signal to bread/stored by computer

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15
Q

What does DAC stand for and what is its function?

A

Digital to analog converter

*Turns digital signal back to analog for manipulation at the console panel.

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16
Q

What is the sensitive component of the CCD

A

layer of crystalline silicon

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17
Q

How is spatial resolution of CCD determined by

A
  1. Physical size

2. Pixel count

18
Q

Where is the ABS sensor located at

A

in the CCD

19
Q

List the advantages of flat panel IR over CCD II.

A
  • No I.I
  • Smaller & lighter
  • Response is uniform over entire receptor
  • Does not degrade with age
  • Highest DQE
20
Q

C-arms are used mostly in ____ or ___.

A

mobile fluoroscopy

or in OR

21
Q

C-arms mostly utilized which type of receptor

A

CCD

22
Q

Describe last image hold

A

allows for last frame to be saved in the system so that radiologist can look at w/o having to expose the patient to unnecessary radiation

23
Q

_____ is the term for adjusting window levels to optimize the anatomy of interest

A

Gray scale processing

24
Q

term for subtraction of unnecessary anatomy from view

A

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

25
Q

Term for a subtracting technique in which contrast is injected and other structures are shown in white and contrast structures are dark (or visa versa)

A

Road mapping

26
Q

What minimizes pt. dose during digital fluorosocpy

A

pulsed progressive technology

27
Q
  1. What does Rad stand for
  2. What is it?
  3. What quantity is it associated with?
A

Radiation absorbed dose

-amount of energy absorbed by the medium at a particular point.

-Quant: absorbed dose
SI unit (Gy)
28
Q
  1. What does Rem stand for
  2. What is it?
  3. What quantity is it associated with?
A
  1. Radiation Equivalent man
  2. biological impact of varying types of radiation on various tissues.
  3. Effective dose (Sv)
29
Q

Occupational dose equivalents are all stated in which radiologic quanity?

A

Rem

30
Q

Occupational Exposure limits are measured in ?

A

Dose equivalent

31
Q

____ is the product of absorbed dose in tissue X quality factor and other modifying factors at the area of interest

A

Dose quivalent

32
Q

____ is the amount of energy imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material

A

Absorbed dose

33
Q

What is the Tissue weighting factors (Wt)

A

Takes into account various organ radiosensitivites

-Greater Wt –> higher the radiosensitivity

34
Q

Define dose rate

A

Absorbed dose delivered per unit of time

Expressed in rems

35
Q

Under normal operation ESD for fluoro should not exceed _____

& under boost mode, ESD shall not exceed ____

A
  1. 10 R/min

2. 20 R/min

36
Q

The quality of the x-ray beam is determined by ___?

A

HVL ( half value layer )

37
Q

Term for thickness/ layer of a materiel necessary to reduce the x-ray intensity to half its original value

A

Half vale layer ( HVL)

measured in mm of AL

38
Q

What determines quality of the x-ray beam and barrier thickness

A

HVL

39
Q

What does whole body dose consists of and what is the dose amount?

A

Head, trunk, prox. arms and legs

.05 Sv/ year

40
Q

What are the annual occupational dose limits

A
  • whole body= .05 Sv/year
  • Lens of the eye= .15 Sv/year
  • Skin & extremities = .5 Sv/year
41
Q

What are the annual public dose limits

A

1 rem annually

or .002 rems in any 1 hour

42
Q

What does GSD stand for and what is it?

A

Genetically significant dose

  • It

RT 55 (fluoroscopy) (10 decks)

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