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RT 55 (fluoroscopy) > Fluoro exam > Flashcards

Fluoro exam Flashcards

1
Q

During a fluoro exam knowledge of _____ can ensure the lowest dose whole achieving diagnostic image?

A

optimal exposure factors

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2
Q

_____ is the measure of tube potential

A

kVp

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3
Q

Increase kVp results in?

A
  • lower pt. dose
  • Decrease in ESE
  • Decrease subject contrast
  • Increase radiate dose at input phosphor
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4
Q

x-ray output is directly proportional to____?

A

mA

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5
Q

____ is the quality of the beam

while ___ is the intensity of the beam

A
  1. kVp

2. mA

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6
Q

Image quality will improve with ____?

A

well collimated areas

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7
Q

Will image brightness increase with enlarged FOV?

A

no

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8
Q

Increase in mA results in?

A
  • Brighter image
  • Increased pt. dose
  • Increase operator dose
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9
Q

Increased collimation results in?

A
  • Decrease pt .dose
  • Increase image quality
  • Decrease integral dose
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10
Q

_____ is the total of energy from the beam absorbed by the patient

A

Integral dose

unit= gram rad

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11
Q

What is the unit of integral dose

A

gram rad

1 gram = 100 ergs

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12
Q

material placed in the primary beam to absorb less penetrating x-ray photons is known as?

A

filtration

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13
Q

What is the main purpose of filtration

A

reduce the # and amount of low energy (long wavelength) x-rays from reaching the patient

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14
Q

Inharent & added filtration = ____ for fluoro operating at normal ( 80-120) kV

A

at least 2.5 mm Al

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15
Q

Inharent & added filtration = ____ for fluoro operating up to 150 kV

A

at least 3 mm Al

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16
Q

Filtration results in?

A
  • Decrease scatter radiation

- Increased image quality

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17
Q

Thickness of absorbing material necessary to reduce the x-ray beam intensity to half the original value

A

HVL

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18
Q

What defines the quality of the x-ray beam

A

HVL

19
Q

Exposure Time—should always be kept to a _____

A

minimum

20
Q

Manual reset timer may not exceed ___ min.

A

5 min

21
Q

Allowable exposure rates may not exceed ___ per minute

A

10 rads / min

22
Q

Allowable exposure rates amount to ____ /____ per each mA

A

2.1 / 2.2

23
Q

For units with ABC/AEC the operator must do a quality control check of kVp and mA _____?

A

once each week

24
Q

What does TPD stand for? What is it?

A

Target to panel distance

  • Applies to mobile fluoro
  • ESE should range 12-18”
25
Q

I.I should be as ___to pt. as possible to ____

A
  1. close to pt.

2. minimize exposure

26
Q

What is SSD

A

Source to skin distance

For:
*mobile - should not be less than 12” (30 cm)

*Stationary fluoro units- should not be less than 15” (38 cm)

27
Q

Lighting in fluoro room should be dim to ____

A

maximize visualization of monitor screens

28
Q

Excessive room lighting during a fluoro exam could lead to ____

A

increase in technical factors in order to increase brightness on the screen

29
Q

Poor IR quality can result in attempted compensation by increasing technical factors. This can result from:

A
  1. Age
  2. Misaligned I.I
  3. Damaged parts
30
Q

Name 2 low absorption table tops

A
  1. Al ( may not be more than 1 mm @ 100 kVp)

2. Carbon fiber (reduces pt. dose)

31
Q

What is the most effective type of shield

A

shaped contact shield

-protects 97% beam

32
Q

Gonadal shielding may be at least ___ Pb equiv.

A

.5 Pb

33
Q

Bucky slot opening must be covered with at least _____ equiv. material

A

.25 mm PB

34
Q

What are advantage of 3 phase / high frequency generators

A
  1. Near constant tube potential
  2. High mA available for short exposures
  3. Higher effective kVp
  4. These advantages not as applicable in standard radiography
35
Q

What is the purpose of “last frame hold”

A

reduce pt. dose

36
Q

Why would you utilize photospot as opposed to spot film

A

to cut pt. dose

37
Q

If playbacks are necessary, which devices are used

A

video recording or photospot

38
Q

The law of Bergonie & Tribondeau states that ____are more susceptible to effects of radiation due to their tissues undergoing higher rates of cell division than ____.

A
  1. children

2. Adults

39
Q

True or False: Pediatric fluoro exams should only be considered when radiography can’t produced the necessary information

A

True

40
Q

What are immobilization devices used for peds fluoro

A
  1. papoose board
  2. Sandbags
  3. Compression devices
41
Q

For mobile fluoro, A ______ must be in place to limit Source-to-skin distance to not less than 12

A

spacer (cone)

42
Q

True or false : Protective aprons of at least .25 mm Pb equivalent must be worn if one is likely to receive 5 millirads/hr or more

A

True

43
Q

When should boost mode be used:

A

only after locating area of interest with normal mode and “boost” is required to visualize structures

RT 55 (fluoroscopy) (10 decks)

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