radioactivity

Question 1

ionising radiation

Question 2

cloud chamber

Answer 2

used to detect the presense of types of radiation. when the air is ionisded the liquid condenses and leave tarcks of droplets marking the path of radiation.

Question 3

alpha particle range

Answer 3

short ranged but strong ionisation a thin paper absorbs it

Question 4

range of beta decay

Answer 4

less ionising so aluminim can stop it

Question 5

range of gamma rays

Answer 5

less ionising enrgy for lead can absorb it

Question 6

danger of radiation

Answer 6

causes ionisation so can damnge living cells

Question 7

parent nucleus

Answer 7

nucleus before decay

Question 8

daughter nucleus

Answer 8

nucleus after decay

Question 9

alpha decay

Answer 9

parent–> daughter nucleus + helium
releases energy

Question 10

why does beta minus occur?

Answer 10

too many neutrons

Question 11

beta minus decay

Answer 11

parent–> daughter nucleus+ electron+ electron antineutrino

Question 12

why does beta plus decay occur?

Answer 12

too many protons so a proton convert into a neutron

Question 13

beta plus decay equation

Answer 13

parent–> daughter+ positron + lectron antineutron

Question 14

why does gamma decay occur?

Answer 14

surplus energy following alpha or beta decay #

Question 15

random

Answer 15

cannot predict when its goning to occur.
every nucleus has equal changecs of decaying

Question 16

spontaneous

Answer 16

not affect by the presence of other nuclei and external factors like pressure

Question 17

half life

Answer 17

the average time it tske for half the number of active nnuclei in a smaple to decay.

Question 18

how is count rate measured?

Answer 18

gm tube

Question 19

what is the activity of a source?

Answer 19

the rae at which nuclei decay/ number of alpha particles emitted per unit time

Question 20

decay constant

Answer 20

the probability of decay of an individual nucleus per unit time

Question 21

the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 is what?

Answer 21

constant

Question 22

once an organism dies what happens to the carbon-14?

Answer 22

starts to decay

Question 23

how are carbon-14 formed?

Answer 23

high speed proton collide with atoms adn produce neutron. thede neutrons collide with nitrogen-12 to form carbon-14 and carbon-14 undegoes beta minus to make nitrogen again

Question 24

assumption of carbon dating?

Answer 24

assumption that ration of carbon-12 to 14 ramins constant

Question 25

limitation to carbon dating

Answer 25

emission of fossil duels may have reduced the ratio, solar flares and testing of nuclear bombs