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Alevel Physics OCR A > Module 2 definitions > Flashcards

Module 2 definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Electric current

A

The rate of flow of charge

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2
Q

Quantised

A

The availability of some quantities such as energy or charge

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3
Q

Conventional current

A

Conventional current travel from positive to negative- it is the direction in which positive charge would travel

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4
Q

Conservation of charge

A

Electric charge cannot be created or destroyed. The total charge for any interaction must be the same before and after.

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5
Q

Kirchhoff first law

A

At any point in an electrical circuit, the sum of current into that point is equal to the sum of currents out of that point, electrical charge is conserved.

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6
Q

Number density

A

The number of free electrons per cubic metre of a material

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7
Q

Semiconductor

A

A material with a lower number density than a typical conductor eg silicon

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8
Q

Mean drift velocity

A

The average velocity of electrons as they move through a wire.

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9
Q

Potential difference

A

The energy transferred from electrical energy to other forms (heat light) per unit charge.

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10
Q

Electromotive force

A

The energy transferred from chemical to electrical energy per unit charge.

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11
Q

Ohm’s law

A

The potential difference across a conductor us directly proportional to the current in the component as long as its temperature remains constant

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12
Q

Ohmic conductor

A

A conductor that obeys ohms law

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13
Q

Diode

A

a semiconductor that allows current only in one particular direction

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14
Q

Threshold pd

A

The minimum potential difference at which a diode begins to conduct

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15
Q

Resistivity

A

A property of material
The product of the resistance of a component made of that material and its cross sectional area divide by its length.

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16
Q

Kilowatt hour

A
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17
Q

Kirchhoff second law

A

In a close loop of an electrical circuit the sum of emf is equal to the sim of pds

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18
Q

Lost volts

A

The potential difference across the internal resistor of a source of emf

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19
Q

m

A
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20
Q

Terminal pd

A

The potential difference across a electrical power source- when there is no current this is equal to the emf of the source but if there is current the source is equal to the emf minus the lost volts.

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21
Q

Potential dividers

A

An electrical circuit designed to divide the potential difference across two or more components in order to produce a specific output.

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22
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Oscillations are parallel to the direction of the wave travel

23
Q

Equilibrium position

A

The resting position if waves or particles in an oscillation

24
Q

Wavelength

A

The minimum direction between two points oscillating in phase.

25
Q

Wave speed

A

The distance travelled by the wave per unit time.

26
Q

Time period

A
27
Q

Phase difference

A

The difference between the displacement of particles along a wave same or different waves.

28
Q

Reflection

A

The change in direction of a wave at a boundary between two different media, so that the wave remains in the original medium

29
Q

Refraction

A

The change in direction of a wave as it changes speed when it passes from one medium to another

30
Q

Law of reflection

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

31
Q

Diffraction

A

The phenomenon waves passing through a gap or around an obstacle spread out.

32
Q

Polarisation

A

The phenomenon in which the oscillation of a transverse wave are limited to only one plane.

33
Q

Intensity

A

The radiant power passing through a surface per unit area.

34
Q

Refractive index

A
35
Q

Total internal reflection

A

The reflection of all light hitting a boundary between two media back into the original medium when light is travelling the medium with the higher refractive index and the incidence angle at the boundary is greater than the critical angle.

36
Q

Critical angle

A

The angle of incidence at the boundary between two media that will produce an angle of refraction of 90degrees.

37
Q

Interference

A

Superposition of two progressive waves from coherent sources to produce a resultant wave with the displacement equal to the sum of individual displacement from the two waves

38
Q

Principle of superposition

A

When two similar waves meet at a point the resultant displacement at that point is equal to the sum of the displacement of the individual waves.

39
Q

Constructive interference

A

Superposition of two waves in phase so that the resultant wave has a greater amplitude than the original waves.

40
Q

Destructive interference

A

Superposition of two waves in anti phase so that the waves cancel each other out and the resultant waves has smaller amplitude than the original wave

41
Q

Path difference

A

The difference in the distance travelled by two waves from their source to a specific point.

42
Q

Monochromatic

A

Light of a single frequency.

43
Q

Node

A

For a stationary wave a point where the amplitude is always zero.

44
Q

Antinode

A
45
Q

Stationary wave

A

A wave that remains in a constant position with no net transfer of energy and is characterised but its nodes and antinodes.

46
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

The lowest frequency at which an object can vibrate.

47
Q

Photons

A

A quantum of electromagnetic energy

48
Q

Electronvolt

A

The energy transferred to or from an electron when its passes through a potential difference of 1 volt.

49
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

The emission of photoelectrons from a metal surface when electromagnetic radiation above the threshold frequency is incident on the metal.

50
Q

Threshold frequency

A

The minimum frequency of the electromagnetic radiation that will cause the emission of an electron from the surface of a particular metal.

51
Q

Work function

A

The minimum energy needed to remove a single electron from the surface of a particular metal.

52
Q

Photoelectrons

A

Electron emitted from the surface of a metal by the photoelectric effect

53
Q

Wave particles duality

A

A theory that states that material has both particle and wave properties and electromagnetic radiation has both wave and photon nature.

Alevel Physics OCR A (24 decks)

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