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Alevel Physics OCR A > Foundation Of Physics > Flashcards

Foundation Of Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a quantity?

A

Property of an object

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2
Q

Example of quantities?

A

Length
Mass
Time

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3
Q

What are the six SI units?

A

Kilogram
Metres
Second
Ampere
Kelvin
Mole

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4
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The variable you change.

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5
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable that you measure which is dependent on the other variables.

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6
Q

What should be plotted on the x axis?

A

The independent variable

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7
Q

What should be plotted on the y axis?

A

The depenedent variable

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8
Q

What is uncertainty?

A

An estimate of the difference between a measurement reading and the true value.

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9
Q

What are two types of measurements errors that lead to uncertainty?

A

Random errors
Systematic errors

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10
Q

What is a random error?

A

Unpredictable fluctuations in an instruments readings due to uncontrollable factors

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11
Q

What do random errors affects?

A

The precision of the measurements taken,causing a wider spread of results about the mean value.

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12
Q

How do random errors occur?

A

From the person carrying out the measuring or reading the instrument incorrectly.

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13
Q

What are examples of random errors?

A

Reaction time of a person
Parallax errors

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14
Q

What is a parallax errors?

A

A reading appearing different due the position someone is looking at it,

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15
Q

How do you reduce random errors?

A

Repeat the measurements several times and calculate an average from them.

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16
Q

What is a a systematic error?

A

Using a faulty instrument or flaws in the experimental method.

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17
Q

How does a systematic error affect readings?

A

It affects the accuracy.

This error is repeated every time the instrument is used or the method is follows so affects the accuracy of the readings.

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18
Q

Examples of systematic errors?

A

Forgetting to Tate the mass balance
Not reading the meniscus at eye level.

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19
Q

How do you reduce systematic errors?

A

Instrument can be recalibrated, or different one is used.

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20
Q

How do systematic errors affect a graph?

A

The graph is away from the origin

21
Q

What is a zero errors?

A

A type of systematic error where the instrument gives a reading when the real reading is zero.

22
Q

Example of zero erors?

A

A top-ban balance starting of a 2g rather than 0g.

23
Q

How do you remove zero error?

A

Removed the difference of the offset value from each value.

24
Q

Define precision

A

The closeness of agreement between independent measurements obtained under the same conditions. It depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value

25
Q

When repeating a measurement when can the readings be said to be precise?

A

When the values are very similar to each other or the same.

26
Q

What is accuracy?

A

A measurement is considered accurate if it is close to the true value.

27
Q

How can accuracy be increased?

A

Repeating the measurements and finding the mean of the results.

28
Q

What does repeating measurements do?

A

It removes an anomalies from the final results

29
Q

What is the difference between precision and accuracy?

A

Precision- the ability to take multiple readings with an instrument that are close to each other.

Accuracy is the closeness of those measurements to the true value of.

30
Q

What is accuracy?

A

A ,measurement of the closeness of agreement between an individual test result and the true value. If a tests result is accurate, it is close agreement t with the true value.

31
Q

What affects accuracy?

A

Systematic errors

32
Q

How could you increase accuracy?

A

Example
Using a micrometer rather than a ruler as it has a higher resolution

33
Q

What affects precision

A

Random errors

34
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The only variable that should be changed through an experiment

35
Q

What is a controlled variable?

A

Any other variable that may affect the results of the experiment need to be controlled or monitored

36
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable that is measured to determine one the outcome of an experiment

37
Q

What is resolution?

A

The smallest change in quantity being measure of a measuring instrument that gives a perceptible change in the reading.

38
Q

Can random errors be removed completely?

A

No they can only be reduced by taking repeat and finding the average of the readings

39
Q

Can random errors be removed completely?

A

No they can only be reduced by taking repeat and finding the average of the readings

40
Q

What type of errors do analogue instrument have?

A

Zero errors
Parallax errirs

41
Q

What type of errors do analogue instrument have?

A

Zero errors
Parallax errirs

42
Q

What type of errors do digital instruments have?

A

Zero error

43
Q

How can parallax errors be reduced?

A

Reading the value on a scale only when the line of sight is perpendicular to the scale of readings

44
Q

What is an uncertainty in a measurement?

A

An intervals that indicates a range within which we are reasonably sure that the true value lies in.

45
Q

What does uncertainty depend on?

A

Systematic errors and random errors

46
Q

When using an apparatus that has analogue scale what is the uncertainty?

A

It’s half the resolution

47
Q

What is the uncertainty for a ruler?

A

When measuring a distance the uncertainty has to be take account for twice and is overall 1mm

48
Q

For digital apparatus what is the uncertainty?

A

It is equal to the resolution of the apparatus.

Alevel Physics OCR A (24 decks)

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