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Alevel Physics OCR A > Module 1 definitions > Flashcards

Module 1 definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Define a vector quantity

A

Has both magnitude and direction

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2
Q

Define a scalar quantity

A

Only contains magnitude and no direction

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3
Q

Define velocity

A

The rate of change of displacement

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4
Q

Define displacement

A

The distance travelled in a particular direction

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5
Q

Define instantaneous speed

A

The speed of an object at a given point in time.

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6
Q

Define acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity of an object

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7
Q

Define stopping distance

A

The total distance travelled from when the driver first sees a reason to stop, to when the vehicle stops.

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8
Q

Define thinking distance

A

The distance travelled by the vehicle from when the driver sees a problem and then brakes are applied.

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9
Q

Braking distance

A

The distance travelled by a vehicle after applying the brakes.

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10
Q

Define mass

A

The amount of matter

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11
Q

Weight

A

The gravitational force on an object

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12
Q

Centre of mass

A

An imaginary point where the entire weight of an object appears to act.

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13
Q

Centre of gravity

A

A point where the weight appears to act.

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14
Q

Drag

A

A frictional force that opposes the motion of the object

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15
Q

Terminal velocity

A

The constant speed reached by an object when the drag force is equal and opposite the weight of the object

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16
Q

Moment

A

The product of force and the perpendicular distance from a pivot.

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17
Q

Principle of moment

A

For a body in rotational equilibrium, the sum of anticlockwise moments about any pivot is equal to the sum of the clockwise moments about the same point.

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18
Q

Torque

A

The product of one of the forces and the perpendicular separation between the forces

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19
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit volume

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20
Q

Fluid

A

Any substance that can flow

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21
Q

Archimedes principle

A

The upthrust exerted in a body immersed in a fluid, whether full or partially submerged is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces.

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22
Q

Work done

A

The product of force and the distance moved in the direction of the force.

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23
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy associated to the movement of an object

24
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

The energy due to the position of an object in the Earth’s gravitational field.

25
Q

Principle of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred from one form to another.

26
Q

Power

A

Rate of work done

27
Q

Extension

A

The increase in length of an object when a tensile force is exerted on it

28
Q

Tensile force

A

Equal and opposite forces acting on a material to stretch it

29
Q

Tensile deformation

A

A change in shape of a object due to tensile forces

30
Q

Compressive deformation

A

A change in the shape of an object dude to the compressive forces

31
Q

Hooke’s law

A

The force applied is directly proportional to the extension of the spring unless the limit of proportionality is exceeded.

32
Q

Plastic deformation

A

An irreversible change in the shape of an object due to a tensile force. The removal of the force produces a permanent deformation.

33
Q

Elastic deformation

A

A reversible change in the shape of an object due to a tensile force. The removal of the force will return the object back to its original shape and size.

34
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

The energy stored in a object due to its deformation

35
Q

Tensile stress

A

The force per unit cross sectional area.

36
Q

Tensile Strain

A

The extension per unit length

37
Q

Limit of proportionality

A

The value of force beyond which stress is no longer proportional to strain.

38
Q

Ultimate tensile strength

A

The maximum stress that material can withstand before it breakss

39
Q

Young modulus

A

The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain when the quantities are directly proportional to each other.

40
Q

Newtons first law

A

A body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force

41
Q

Newtons second law

A

The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force and it takes place is the direction of the force.

42
Q

Newtons third law

A

When two object interact, each exert equal but opposite forces on the other during the interaction.

43
Q

Momentum

A

The product of mass and the velocity of the mass

44
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

For a system of interacting objects the total momentum in an specific direction remains constant as long as no external forces act on the system

45
Q

Inelastic collision

A

A collision in which kinetic energy is transferred in other forms eg heat

46
Q

Elastic collisions

A

Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved

47
Q

Impulse

A

The product of a force and the time for which the force acts

48
Q

Couple

A

A pair of parallel forces pointing in the opposite direction

49
Q

Newton

A

When 1kg of mass has an acceleration of 1ms-2.

50
Q

Free fall

A

The motion of an object accelerating under gravity with no other force acting on it.

51
Q

Efficiency

A

The ratio of useful output energy to total input energy.

52
Q

Elastic limit

A

The value for stress or force beyond which elastic deformation becomes plastic deformation and the material will no longer return to its original shape and size when the stress or force is removed.

53
Q

Yield points

A
54
Q

Tension

A

The pulling force exerted by a string, cable or chain on an object.

55
Q

Normal contact force

A

The force exerted by a surface on an object, which acts perpendicularly to the surface.

56
Q

Upthrust

A

The upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid.

57
Q

Friction

A

Alevel Physics OCR A (24 decks)

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