radio Flashcards
political contexts in radio- definition
political system and forces within radio operates and which it influences, particularly the effect on these of ownership, control and regulation
culture contexts in radio- definition
how radio producers and audiences are affected by culture (way of life, arts and popular culture, and cultural differences
economic contexts in radio- definition
influence of economical contexts on radio, including profit motive and competition
when was radio 1 breakfast show launched and what was it described as?
1967- described as the ‘swinging new radio service’
what was it set up as an alternative to?
radio 2 and radio 4 as at the time there was no breakfast radio stations or independent stations
the breakfast show is know as a flagship programme- what is that?
a programme that gains a lot of attentions so helps define the channel as a brand- this is why the change of presenters is still seen as a significant event
it was launched as a request of the government following the banning of…
pirate radio stations (unlicensed and therefore illegal stations)
where does the breakfast show get its income from?
like all BBC channels, it cannot broadcast advertisement like other channels and instead gets its profit through a licence fee under a public service remit
whats a public service remit?
set out by Royal Charter and Agreement and at its core is the mission to inform, educate and entertain. The BBC is a public service organisation and serves the nations interests.
what services is the breakfast show available on?
FM radio, DAB digital radio and digital TV platforms such as freeview
can it be streamed via the internet?
yes, and some content such as podcasts can be downloaded via BBC sounds.
Programmes can also be streamed on demand for a limited amount of time
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Special events may be streamed live, and other content such as pictures and videos are online only. These events included may be:
Children In Need and Sports Aid
what is the budget of BBC radio 1?
£41 million (2018/2019) and is used by 17% of the population
what are the purposes of the BBC
-to provide impartial news (non biased) and information to help people understand engage with the world around them,
- to support learning for people of all ages,
-to show the most creative, highest quality and distinctive output and services,
-to reflect, represent and serve the diverse communities of the UK’s nations and regions,
- and to reflect the UK’s culture and value to the world.
BBC’s main values:
educate, inform and entertain
what theorist areas does radio cover?
audiences and industries
how does hesmondhalgh (cultural industies) apply to R1BS
-does not need to attract audiences to fund so it might not apply accurately to this. Creative and innovative motive is required by its public service remit. However it does need to protect itself from threats from media competitors and right wing politicians. Some commenters wish to abolish the licence fee
how does hesmondhalgh (cultural industies) apply to R1BS
how does curren and seaton (power and profit) apply to R1BS
how does Living stone and lunt apply to R1BS
The BBC lost power to regulate itself after pressure from opponents and is now regulated from ofcom.
how does Stuart Hall’s reception theory apply ro R1BS
producers encode meaning and use anchorages to create preferred readings.
when is the R1BS broadcast live on air?
weekdays from 6:30 till 10am
where is R1BS available?
FM, DAB, Freeview, Freesat, Virgin, Sky or online via BBC Iplayer Radio where it can be heard live or streamed for a limited amount of time (30 days)
stings
sound or short musical phrase used on radio to punctuate the programme, for example introduce a regular feature.
whats a bulletin?
a short official statement or broadcast summary of news. Under PSR BBC must include these often (INFORM)
what is a playlist?
list of recordings to be played on air by the radio station
how does the playlist (R1BS) work?
A List: songs that are played the most, around 30 times a week.
B List: music on the list get played around 15 times a week.
C List: 6 plays a week
BBC Introducing: section of the playlist that showcases brand new and under radar artists. They tend to get six plays a week, but only remain on the playlist for one week.
Political context of radio (PRODUCTION)
-due to radio being the first domestic electronic medium, it was subject to political control. However the notion of free media is a large part of democracy, and state media are associated with dictatorships it was important to keep political control separate. First achieved by allowing the BBC a monopoly (large control), and then when commercial rivals started to have a regulation for radio without direct state interference.
Cultural Political context of radio (PRODUCTION)
popular music radio operates from cultural context where pop music is seen as inferior due to its commercial success and accessibility. This is because cultural conservatives value the high culture found on radio three because it is ‘difficult’ and not commercially successful.
differences between commerical radio and BBC
C: funded by adverts
BBC: funded by the audience (licence fee payers) and cannot display any adverts
C: has to look for a big audiences to earn money and therefore does not divert outside of popular music that is cheap to play.
BBC: not only does public service require them to be creative and produce a distinctive output compared to commercial radio.
BBC: smaller audience of under 30s
C: e.g. capital makes funds by selling airspace.
what is concentrated ownership?
the case where majority of shares are held by few owners. Evident in commercial radio.
economical contexts (OWNERSHIP + CONTROL)
licence fee budget allows them to chase niche audiences, even though the audience is more likely to use online media. Popular music being cheaper than classical music allows them to provide value for money their cheap audiences. Thus, the economical context allows the political drive for more PSB content as expressed on R1 remit.
cultural contexts (OWNERSHIP + CONTROL)
faces a cultural context in which compulsory charges are becoming old fashioned in media that currently emphasizes a consumer choice over public service, however public support for the BBC remains high.
political contexts (REGULATION)
Ofcom taking over BBC regulation was a result of some political controversy. Right wing commentators were very critical of its ‘liberal bias’ Many saw BBC as unaccountable and over powerful protected from the free market. Even supports felt the self regulatory scheme was ineffective with people earning high salaries with no oversight
economical contexts (PRODUCTION)
commercial radio has its audience and profits reduced by having to compete with a publicly funded institution. A government committed to the free market can apply pressure on the BBC by reducing its licence fee, an economic pressure on radio 1 to provide distinctive content even if they lose audiences.
cultural contexts (REGULATION)
cultural context in which popular music, especially recorded music, is considered low status explains the other requirements placed on Radio 1 to try and achieve PSB status. Low cultural status influences political debates about privatization of parts of the BBC
economical contexts (REGULATION)
live music is more expensive than playing recorded music influences its status of a PSB element. Licence fee can provide this unlike commercial radio.
