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Health Physics > Radiation Protection Standards and Regulations > Flashcards

Radiation Protection Standards and Regulations Flashcards

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1
Q

List

Three major causes for action of civil penalties by the NRC

A
  1. Failure of management to understand license conditions
  2. Failure to train workers properly
  3. Failure to assure that employees follow approved procedures
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2
Q

List the four bases for radiation standards (i.e., regulations)

A
  1. ALARA
  2. Biological
  3. Comparable risk
  4. Checks and balances
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3
Q

Define

High radiation area

(from 10 CFR 20)

A

An area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 100 mrem (1 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or 30 centimeters from an surface that the radiation penetrates.

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4
Q

Define

Restricted area

A
  • An area, access to which is limited by the licensee for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to radiation and radioactive materials.
  • Restricted area does not include areas used as residential quarters, but separate rooms in a residential building may be set apart as a restricted area.
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5
Q

Define

Unrestricted area

A

An area that is not limited or controlled by the licensee.

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6
Q

Define

Very high radiation area

A

An area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving an absorbed dose in excess of 500 rads in 1 hour at 1 meter from a radiation source or 1 meter from any surface that the radiation penetrates.

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7
Q

What is 10 CFR 19?

A

Notices, Instructions and Reports to Workers

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8
Q

What is 10 CFR 21?

A

Reporting of Defects and Reports to Workers

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9
Q

What is 10 CFR 34?

A

Licenses for Radiography and Radiation Safety Requirements for Radiographic Operations

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10
Q

What is 10 CFR 50?

A

Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities

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11
Q

What is 10 CFR 61?

A

Licensing Requirements for Land Disposal of Radwaste

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12
Q

What is 10 CFR 71?

A

Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials

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13
Q

What is the recommended occupational limit for effective dose?

(ICRP 103)

A

No year > 50 mSv

20 mSv yr-1 averaged over 5-year periods

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14
Q

What is the recommended occupational limit for annual equivalent dose to the lens of the eye?

(ICRP 103)

A

150 mSv yr-1

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15
Q

What is the recommended occcupational limit for the annual equivalent dose to skin and extremeties?

(ICRP 103)

A

500 mSv yr-1

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16
Q

What is the recommended occupational limit for equivalent dose to abdomen of delcared pregnant worker?

(ICRP 103)

A

2 mSv (for the period of declared pregancy/gestation)

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17
Q

What is the recommended occupational limit for an intake by a declared pregnant worker?

(ICRP 103)

A

< 1/20 ALI

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18
Q

What is the recommended public’s limit for effective dose?

(ICRP 103)

A

1 mSv yr-1 averaged over 5 years

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19
Q

What is the recommended public’s limit for annual equivalent dose to the lens of the eye?

(ICRP 103)

A

15 mSv

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20
Q

What is the recommended public’s limit for the annual equivalent dose to the skin?

A

50 mSv

21
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Gonads

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

wT = 0.25

ICRP 103

wT = 0.08

22
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Red Bone Marrow

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

wT = 0.12

ICRP 103

wT = 0.12

23
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Lungs

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

wT = 0.12

ICRP 103

wT = 0.12

24
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Breasts

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

wT = 0.15

ICRP 103

wT = 0.12

25
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Thyroid

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

wT = 0.03

ICRP 103

wT = 0.04

26
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Bone surface

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

wT = 0.03

ICRP 103

wT = 0.01

27
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Remainder of body

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

wT = 0.30

Note: 5 organs at 0.06 each

ICRP 103

wT = 0.12

28
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Stomach

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

N/A

ICRP 103

0.12

29
Q

Tissue Weighting Factor

Colon

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

N/A

ICRP 103

0.12

30
Q

Quality Factor & Radiation Weighting Factor

X-rays, gammas, and betas

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

Q = 1

ICRP 103

wR = 1

31
Q

Quality Factor & Radiation Weighting Factor

alpha particles, multiple-charged particles, fission fragments, and heavy particles of unknown charge

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

Q = 20

ICRP 103

wR = 20

32
Q

Quality Factor & Radiation Weighting Factor

Hi-energy protons

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

Q = 10

ICRP 103

wR = 2

33
Q

Quality Factor & Radiation Weighting Factor

Thermal neutrons (0.025 eV)

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

Q = 2

ICRP 103

wR = 2.5

34
Q

Quality Factor & Radiation Weighting Factor

Fast neutrons (1 - 20 MeV)

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

Q = 10

ICRP 103

wR = 20 - 7 (determined by eqn)

35
Q

Quality Factor & Radiation Weighting Factor

Relativistic Neutrons (> 20 MeV)

A

10 CFR 20 (from ICRP 26)

Q = 3.5

ICRP 103

wR = 7 - 2.5 (determined by eqn)

36
Q

What is the occupational dose limit for total effective dose equivalent?

(10 CFR 20)

A

5 rem yr-1

37
Q

What is the occupational dose limit for committed dose equivalent?

(10 CFR 20)

A

50 rem yr-1

38
Q

What is the occupational limit for the lens dose equivalent?

(10 CFR 20)

A

15 rem yr-1

39
Q

What is the occupational limit for shallow-dose equivalent?

(10 CFR 20)

A

50 rem yr-1 to the skin of the whole body or to the skin of any extremity

40
Q

What is the public’s limit for total effective dose equivalent?

(10 CFR 20)

A

100 mrem yr-1

2 mrem in any one hour

41
Q

What are the different inhalation classifications?

(10 CFR 20)

A
  • D (days) ⇒ Less than 10 days
  • W (weeks) ⇒ From 10 to 100 days
  • Y (years) ⇒ More than 100 days
42
Q

What are the the three factors that create a successful system of radiation protection?

A

Justification ⇒ No practice shall be adopted unless the introduction produces a net positive benefit. Societal (not radiation) decision.

Optimization ⇒ All exposures maintained ALARA. Processes, equipment, and operational factors are designed so personnel do not exceed operational dose limits.

Application of dose limits ⇒ Equivalent and effective doses shall not exceed the limits recommended for appropriate circumstances specified by the ICRP/NRC.

43
Q

What does NCRP 91 recommend for lifetime exposure limits?

A

Lifetime exposure should be limited to “N rem” where N is the worker’s age

44
Q

Protection Factors

Full facepiece, negative pressure mode, air-purifying respirator

A

50

45
Q

Protection Factors

Full facepiece, pressure demand mode, self-contained breathing apparatus

A

10,000

46
Q

Protection Factors

Half-mask facepiece, negative pressure mode, air-purifying respirator

A

10

47
Q

Protection Factors

Half-mask facepiece, positive pressure mode, air-purifying respirator

A

1,000

48
Q

Define

Radiation area

(from 10 CFR 20)

A

An area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 5 mrem (0.05 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or 30 centimeters from an surface that the radiation penetrates.

Health Physics (17 decks)

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