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Calculations Flashcards

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1
Q

Calculate

True count rate in a GM tube given its dead time

A
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2
Q

Calculate

Concentration of a radionuclide in a living organism based on intake of a radionuclide from a secondary source

A
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3
Q

Define and Calculate

Nominal ocular hazard distance

A

The intrabeam axial distance from the laser to the exposed individual’s eyes beyond which the exposure would be less than the MPE.

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4
Q

Calculate / Equation

Standard deviation of net count rate

A
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5
Q

Calculate
Intake of an airborne radionuclide

A
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6
Q

Calculate

Dose rate given activity, emission information, and an attenuating material.

A
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7
Q

Calculate the number of beam particles per second that are available to interact with an accelerator target

A
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8
Q

Calculation

Energy of a photon

A
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9
Q

Calculate

Activity of a material that has been activated by a neutron flux.

A
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10
Q

Calculate

Steady state indoor radon concentration (from a floor source emanating radon)

A
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11
Q

Calculate

The number of transformations of a radionuclide in a source organ per unit of activity taken into the body.

A
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12
Q

Calculate

Extrapolation

A
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13
Q

Calculate

Average power assumed to be delivered to an observer

A
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14
Q

Calculate

Electric field strength (E)

A
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15
Q

Define the situation that creates Secular Equilibrium (case 1).

Calculate the number of daughter atoms (ND).

A

The parent has a huge half-life, but the daughter has a small half-life.

λD >> λP

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16
Q

Calculate

Dose rate from exposure rate

A
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17
Q

Calculate

Exposure to short-lived radon progeny in working level months per year

A
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18
Q

Calculate

Number of ion pairs produced in an ion chamber.

Charge deposited in an ion chamber.

A
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19
Q

Calculate

Specific activity

A
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20
Q

Calculate

Alpha particle’s range in air (E < 4 MeV)

A

Rα = 0.56E

Rα = range in cm of air at 1 atm and 15°C.

E = energy (MeV)

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21
Q

Calculate

Annual collective effective dose in the control room of an accelerator facility.

A
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22
Q

Calculate

Airborne activity (correcting for radon activity) in a downwind location from a fire in a facility containing plutonium.

A
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23
Q

Calculate

Attenuation/transmission of primary X-ray beam from shielding of medical/dental facilities.

(NCRP 145/147)

A
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24
Q

Calculate

Gain of a microwave antenna

A
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25
Q

Calculate

Observed gross count rate measuring beta-emitting particles near work activities presenting an airborne hazard

A
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26
Q

Calculate

Fraction of energy converted to photons via bremsstrahlung

A
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27
Q

Calculate

DAC level in an isolated room where there was an inadvertent release of source material

A
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28
Q

Calculate

The rate a radionuclide is being introduced into the atmosphere as a leak from the reactor coolant system.

A
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29
Q

Calculate

Unshielded absorbed dose rate in rad hr-1 from a shipping container emitting gamma radiation

A
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30
Q

Calculate

Dose to an organ over a period of time following a beta-emitter uptake in (µCi g-1)

(0.511 shortcut)

A
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31
Q

Calculate

Maximum power output given exposure time, MPE, and beam diameter

A
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32
Q

Calculate / Equation

Optimize gross and background counting times

A
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33
Q

Calculate

Number of pulses per second

A
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34
Q

Calculate

Risk of death using the relative risk model

A
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35
Q

Calculate

Exposure rate in a free-air ionization chamber

A
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36
Q

How do you calculate far field power density (W) for a microwave antenna?

A
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37
Q

Thumb Rule

Exposure rate using the 6CEN rule

A
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38
Q

Describe / Calculate

Type II Error

A
  • Falsely concluding activity is less than the physically significant activity (PSA) when there is in fact activity actually present.
  • Occurs with a probability β (typically 5%).
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39
Q

Calculate

MDA at a 95% confidence level

A
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40
Q

Calculate

Neutron dose equivalent in rem received by a technician during a criticality incident

A
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41
Q

Define / Calculate

Type I Error

A
  • Falsely concluding activity is present in a sample above the established physically significant activity (PSA) when in fact the activity is zero.
  • Occurs with a probability α (typically 5%).
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42
Q

Calculate

Intake Retention Factor

A
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43
Q

Calculate

Internal dose to an individual who consumes contaminated fish from a river contaminated by an effluent with radionuclides

A
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44
Q

Define the situation that creates No Equilibrium (case 3).

Calculate the number of daughter atoms (ND).

A

The parent half-life is shorter than the daughter half-life.

λD < λP

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45
Q

Calculate

The activity of the parent radionuclide in the source organ

A
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46
Q

Calculate

Beta particle’s range in air (E > 2.5 MeV)

A

Rβ = 530E - 106

Rβ = range in mg cm-2

E = max energy (MeV)

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47
Q

State the equation to calculate activity (A).

A
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48
Q

Demonstrate the effect of environmental changes on a free-air ionization chamber

A
49
Q

Calculate

Standard deviation for activity

A
50
Q

Define and Calculate

Relative risk

A

Relative risk ⇒ Measure of association in cohort studies.

51
Q

Define and Calculate

Excess relative risk

A 
# * Define ⇒ Percentage change in risk.
* Ratio of the excess risk of a specified effect to the probability of the same effect in the unexposed population.

ERR = RR – 1

  • Note ⇒ “Minus 1” because you are removing 100% of the unexposed population from the total (exposed and unexposed) population.
52
Q

Calculate

Number of expected fatal cancers (given a population and HE)

A
53
Q

Calculate

Internal dose for an individual who walks on contaminated soil from plutonium ground depositions.

A
54
Q

Calculate

Standard deviation in background count rate

A
55
Q

Calculate

Surface deposition of an airborne radionuclide

A
56
Q

Define and Calculate

Absorbed dose

A

Average energy (ϵ) absorbed in a volume element of a material divided by the mass (m) of that material.

57
Q

Calculate

Population variance

A
58
Q

Calculate

CEDE from an intake “q” based on ALI

A
59
Q

Calculate

Estimated radon progeny activity concentration in a room given source count rate and sampling information (e.g., flow rate, filter retention, sample time).

A
60
Q

Calculate

Dose rate from a plane source

A
61
Q

Calculate

Effective removal rate constant of a radionuclide in a ventilated room

A
62
Q

Define and Calculate

Emerging irradiance from a laser

A

The energy emitted at the surface where the beam exits the laser unit

63
Q

Calculate

Average power of a microwave antenna

A
64
Q

Define and Calculate

Excess absolute risk

A
  • Excess absolute risk ⇒ Absolute change in risk for a given dose.
  • The difference between exposed and control (unexposed, background).
  • EAR = Incidence rate exposed group – Incidence rate unexposed group
65
Q

Calculate

CEDE (given activity, average beta energy, mass, and effective decay constant)

(51.1 shortcut)

A
66
Q

Calculate

Corrected CDE based on a change to the AMAD size of a particle.

A
67
Q

Define and Calculate

Probability of Causation

A
  • NIH produces probability of causation tables.
  • If PC is greater than 50%, the worker/survivor is eligible for compensation from the Department of Labor.
68
Q

Calculate

Total energy deposited by a laser over a given period of time

A
69
Q

Calculate

Inhalation intake following ground deposition of an airborne radionuclide

A
70
Q

Calculate

Incidence of genetic defects

A
71
Q

Calculate

Exposure rate using the 0.5CEN rule

A
72
Q

Calculate

Average airborne radioactive material concentration given data from a stack releasing radioactive gas

A
73
Q

Determine if TLVs were exceeded for UV light exposure

A
74
Q

Calculate

Relative probable error of a sample count

A
75
Q

Calculate

Average accelerator beam current

A
76
Q

Calculate an beta particle’s range in air (0.01 MeV < E < 2.5 MeV).

A

Rβ = 412E1.265 - 0.0954lnE

Rβ = range in mg cm-2

E = max energy (MeV)

77
Q

Calculate

Activity of a sample that has been irradiated for time “τ” and removed from the irradiation source for time “t”.

A
78
Q

Calculate

Bremsstrahlung dose rate in air from an organ (mass of tissue) containing a given concentration of a beta-emitter.

A
79
Q

Calculate

Dose rate from a line source

A
80
Q

Calculate

CEDE based on a volumetric concentration and DAC exposure

A
81
Q

Calculate

Dose rate from X-rays produced 90º from a high-Z target

A
82
Q

Calculate

CDE based on a volumetric concentration and DAC exposure

A
83
Q

Calculate

Alpha particle’s range in air (4 MeV < E < 8 MeV)

A

Rα = 1.24E - 2.62

Rα = range in cm of air at 1 atm and 15°C.

E = energy (MeV)

84
Q

Calculate

Factor of KERMA change at an interface between two materials

A
85
Q

Calculate / Equation

Minimum level of detection

A
86
Q

Calculate

Alarm setpoint for release of radioactive gases from a reactor coolant system.

A
87
Q

Calculate

Standard deviation for efficiency when determined from a standard of known activity

A
88
Q

Calculate

Activity release rate from an emergency ventilation system through a high efficiency particulate (HEPA) air filter

A
89
Q

Calculate

Maximum eye exposure time when scanning a laser across an audience

A
90
Q

Calculate

Airborne concentration of a radionuclide that has become airborne in a room ventilated in a room with a stack exhaust

A
91
Q

Calculate

Approximate exposure from X-ray scatter to the radiographic technologist standing nearby the patient

A
92
Q

Calculate

Relative risk of genetic defects (per generation) caused by a radiation dose to a population

A
93
Q

Calculate

Thyroid uptake and the resulting committed dose from an inhalation of 131I

A
94
Q

Calculate

Mass of air in a free-air ionization chamber

A
95
Q

Calculate

Activity from gross and background counts

A
96
Q

Define and Calculate

KERMA

A

Kinetic Energy Released in MAss

The sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation in a sample of matter divided by the mass of the sample.

97
Q

Calculate

Chi-squared

A
98
Q

Calculate

Specific exposure rate constant.

A
99
Q

Calculate

Activity of 131I needed to be administered to a patient to deliver a prescribe dose

A
100
Q

Calculate

Standard deviation in gross counts

A
101
Q

Calculate / Equation

Critical level

A
102
Q

Calculate

Irradiance of a microwave antenna

A
103
Q

Define and Calculate

Magnetic field strength (H)

A

The force exerted on a moving charge or current.

104
Q

Calculate

Initial release rate of a radionuclide from a stack, given mass and specific activity

A
105
Q

State the equation to calculate the number of daughter atoms (ND) when both the parent and daugher undergo radioactive decay.

A
106
Q

Calculate

Working levels based on equilibrium factors and radon concentration

A
107
Q

Calculate

Absorbed dose to the thyroid from an intake of 131I (µCi)

(0.511 shortcut)

A
108
Q

Calculate

Correction factor for a pulsed laser

A
109
Q

Define and Calculate

Poynting Vector

A
  • The vector (cross) product of the electric and magnetic field strengths.
  • Symbol ⇒ E×H
  • Units ⇒ W m-2
110
Q

Calculate

Standard deviation in activity when calculated as a function from gross and background counts

A
111
Q

Define and calculate

Nominal hazard zone

A

Area within which radiation levels from direct or scattered radiation exceed the maximum permissible exposure (MPE).

112
Q

Calculate

Maximum concentration in a room with a primary to atmosphere leak that is being ventilated.

A
113
Q

Calculate

Time between midpoint of pulses in an accelerator

A
114
Q

Define and Calculate

Intrinsic detector efficiency

A
  • Ratio of number of pulses recorded to the number of radiation quanta incident on the detector.
  • Optimization relies only on properties directly affecting the quanta incident to detector (e.g., window material, thickness).
115
Q

Calculate

Intake activity given the time post intake, activity, and intake retention factor.

A
116
Q

Define and Calculate

Specific Effective Energy

A

The radiation-factor-weighted energy absorbed per unit mass of the target organ (T), per transformation of the nuclide in the source organ (S).

117
Q

Calculate

Compton electron energy (given incident photon energy and angle of photon deflection)

A
118
Q

Calculate / Equation

Sample variance

A

Health Physics (17 decks)

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