Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Race

Answer 1

superficial physical difference, socially constructed as important

Question 2

Ethnicity

Answer 2

shared culture, heritage, language often overlapping with race but not always

Question 3

Racialization (1994)

Answer 3

Omi and Winant: process of extending racial meaning to a previously racially unclassified relationship, social practice, or group

Question 4

Minority Group

Answer 4

a group in society with the least number of individuals

Question 5

Subordinate Group

Answer 5

a group of people who have less power, status, and privilege than the dominant group in a society

Question 6

Dominant Group

Answer 6

a social group that has power, privileges, and social status in a particular society

Question 7

Scapegoat Theory

Answer 7

a psychological and sociological concept that refers to the act of blaming an individual or group for the problems or failures of another group

Question 8

Stereotype

Answer 8

generalized belief about a particular category of people

Question 9

Prejudices

Answer 9

act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived judgments or convictions

Question 10

Micro-aggressions

Answer 10

subtle, often unintentional comments or actions that convey a biased or derogatory attitude towards a person or group

Question 11

Doll Test (1939)

Answer 11

Mamie and Kenneth: the internalized beliefs and stereotypes about race leading to colorism and internalized racism

Question 12

Personal Racism

Answer 12

positive or negative generalizations, carrying negative consequences for individuals in the group

Question 13

Institutional Racism

Answer 13

embedded racism in the way society functions, like enforced segregation and continued residential segregation, closed social networks

Question 14

White Privilege

Answer 14

societal privilege that benefits white people over non-white people in some societies, particularly if they are otherwise under the same social, political, or economic circumstances

Question 15

De Jure vs De Facto Segregation

Answer 15

racial segregation that have been used to separate individuals based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics.

Question 16

Redlining

Answer 16

a discriminatory practice where financial services are withheld from neighborhoods with significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities

Question 17

Racial Wealth Inequality

Answer 17

people of color are less able to build wealth across generations

Question 18

Education and Residential Segregation

Answer 18

past segregation and current educational opportunities are interlinked

Question 19

Functionalism

Answer 19

race as a tool of organization and matching for social harmony

Question 20

Dysfunctional Race

Answer 20

racial categories were created in order to rank groups, not functional for those forced to the bottom of the order

Question 21

Miscegenation Laws

Answer 21

formal rules against interracial marriage

Question 22

Intersectionality

Answer 22

different forms of oppression, such as racism, sexism, homophobia, and classism, intersect and overlap to create unique experiences of discrimination and marginalization for individuals and groups

Question 23

Pluralism

Answer 23

emphasizes the value of diversity and the coexistence of different groups, interests, and values within a society

Question 24

Assimilation

Answer 24

minority group or culture comes to resemble a society’s majority group

Question 25

Amalgamation

Answer 25

minoritized and dominant groups merge to form a new hybrid culture