Race and Crime Flashcards
What is race?
Physical/biological
What is ethnicity?
Distinctive groups based on commonalities of culture, language, religion, etc.
What is nationality?
Refers to legal citizenship of a particular nation-state
What does it mean by race being socially constructed?
They are dynamic and subject to change
What does it mean by crime being a social construct?
There is nothing that is innately deviant or criminal about any act
What is symbolic interactionism ?
Rests on the assumption that our reality is socially constructed
How are the meanings of symbols ascribed?
They are created through social interaction
What were the results from a study showing the same CV to different employees but different race were listed?
Italians – 12% more applications
Indigenous – 35% more applications
Middle Eastern – 64% more applications
Chinese – 68% more applications
What happened to the label of delinquent over time?
Over time the label of delinquent becomes internalised
What did Merton distinguish in the self-fulfilling prophecy?
The perceptions of in-groups and out-groups
What does the self-fulfilling prophecy ascribe?
Negative motivations and labels to members of out-groups
What is primary deviance?
Essentially normal, experimental boundary testing
What is secondary deviance?
Resulting from internalised pejorative labels applied by agents of social control
Which deviance is more important in determining of futures offence?
Secondary deviance
What does stigmatization refer to?
The process by which offenders are publicly identified and degraded