Crime on the Streets

Question 1

What is the key statistic surrounding alcohol’s influence on crime?

Answer 1

52% of offenders charged with assault had consumed alcohol in previous 24 hours but estimated only 0.11% of nights out involving drinking result in violence

Question 2

What is the statistic revolving around the youth and alcohol?

Answer 2

82% of 12–17 year olds reported abstaining from alcohol in 2016—a significant increase from 72% in 2013

Question 3

What are the characteristics of alcohol-related violence?

Answer 3

Being young, single and male are the most significant predictors of self-reported alcohol-related victimisation

Men are more likely to be involved in incidents of physical abuse in pubs and clubs or in the street

Women are more likely to be victimised in their own homeand also to know their abuser

Alcohol-related assaults most commonly occur between 9 pm and 3 am on Friday and Saturday nights

Also linked to major sporting events

Question 4

What is the terminology used to explain the relationship between alcohol and crime?

Answer 4

‘Alcohol-induced’

‘Alcohol-caused’

‘Alcohol-fuelled’

‘Alcohol-related

Question 5

What is the relationship between correlation and causation?

Answer 5

Correlation does not necessarily equal causation

Question 6

What are wet and dry cultures?

Answer 6

In ‘wet’ cultures (Italy, Spain, France, etc.), drinking alcohol is a normal part of everyday activity

Dry cultures (Australia, UK, US, etc.) restrict alcohol sale and consumption (age, acceptable drinking locations, etc.)

Question 7

What are the international statistics about fights following drinking?

Answer 7

26. 2% of Costa Rican men
27. 3% of Nicaraguan men
28. 6% of men from Czech Republic
29. 7% of Spanish men
30. 5% of Danish men

Question 8

What are the physical effects of alcohol ingestion?

Answer 8

Mild euphoria

Disinhibition and reduced anxiety

Reduced reaction times

Disruption of short and medium-term memory

Reduction in problem-solving ability

Loss of dexterity

Loss of ability to interpret complex facial cues

Question 9

Are there are clinical links between aggression and alcohol?

Answer 9

Although there are links, these links aren’t well established

Question 10

What is enactment?

Answer 10

Points to social norms and expectations

Question 11

Does alcohol produce aggression?

Answer 11

It does not produce it where it does not already exist

Question 12

What are intoxicated people like in many cultures?

Answer 12

Intoxicated people do not show signs of violence or aggression

Question 13

What do the cultural expectations of aggression validate?

Answer 13

Problematic and embarrassing behaviour whilst drinking alcohol

Question 14

What are the characteristics of Australian drinking?

Answer 14

A belief in the ‘disinhibiting’, or transformational power of alcohol

Strict rules, laws and prohibitions regarding age, sale and service of alcohol

Celebratory drinking

Transitional drinking

Ritualistic pattern of episodic heavy drinking

Subculture of underage drinking

Use of alcohol in formal and informal rituals such as rites of passage

Question 15

What are stereotypically masculine traits?

Answer 15

Tough

Strong

Controlling

Forceful

Capable

Aggressive

Protective

Jealous/Protective

Competitive

Decisive

Assertive

Muscular

Don’t cry

Dominant

Question 16

What do traditional norms correspond with?

Answer 16

Hegemonic masculinity

Question 17

What is gender?

Answer 17

A product of social learning

Question 18

What is hegemonic masculinity associated with?

Answer 18

Domination over women, and is linked to constructions of male honour

Question 19

What is heterosexism associated with?

Answer 19

A particular kind of gender order, one that assumes binary categories of sexuality and that privileges one over the other

Question 20

What does working class masculinity emphasize?

Answer 20

The importance of ‘toughness’, physical strength/prowess and propensity for violence

Question 21

What is sexual propriety?

Answer 21

Need to control leads to violent domination of women and violence towards sexual competitors

Question 22

What is confrontation over honour?

Answer 22

Escalation of trivial matters. Perceived disrespect necessitates a violent response

Question 23

What does it mean to be connected to another crime?

Answer 23

Component of robbery, men more likely to use physical force

Question 24

What is conflict resolution?

Answer 24

Marginalized men who are excluded from legitimate arbitration need to rely on violence

Question 25

What makes up the transformative journey of a young person’s night out?

Answer 25

Carefully planned pub/club circuit

Timing of drinks

Ordered escalation of ‘disinhibition’

‘Storying’ of events the day after

Question 26

What is the night time economy?

Answer 26

Builds on and exploits idea of drunken comportment

Question 27

What are the different variables that affect violence in a licensed place?

Answer 27

Patron type – particularly social class, age, gender

Comfort – seating availability, queues for bar, toilet

Boredom – live music or sport

Intoxication – cheap drinks, food availability

Bouncers – training, age, gender, macho/aggressive attitude