Race 9

Question 1

What was the response from the Census to multiple groups wanting to be counted categorically in the US Census, such as: Arab Americans, Pacific Islanders not being grouped with Asians, and mixed-race families?

Answer 1

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) modified the race and ethic categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White) and their labels and allowed persons to “mark one or more” races.

Question 2

What concept does Hirschman (2004) believe should replace race?

Answer 2

Ethnicity, it is explicitly subjective, it acknowledges multiple ancestries, and recognizes ethnic groups as porous and heterogeneous.

Question 3

What is colorism?

Answer 3

The widespread preference for blacks with a lighter skin tone which operate independently of the class background of those individuals possessing lighter skin. It may be both intraracial and interracial.

Question 4

What effect does having a lighter skin tone in having access to high quality spouses (judged by educational attainment b/w 1940 & 1980).

Answer 4

It has a positive relationship. (Gullickson 2005)

Question 5

When was there evidence of a period decline for skin tone differentials in occupational prestige attainment?

Answer 5

1980 to early 1990s, affecting all cohorts still in the labor market. (Gullickson 2005)