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RUSVM Special Species- Summer '18 > Rabbits- Final > Flashcards

Rabbits- Final Flashcards

1
Q

What type of digestive system do lagomorphs have?

A

Hindgut fermenting herbivore

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2
Q

What is a female and male bunny called?

A

Female: doe

Male: buck

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3
Q

How long is the gestation period?

A

30-33 days

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4
Q

What is the #1 cancer in female rabbits?

A

Uterine cancer

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5
Q

T/F: Rabbits can be re-impregnated the day that their litters are born

A

TRUE

Post-partum estrus allows for this to happen

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6
Q

T/F: Bunny’s teeth never stop growing

A

TRUE

Should be cut every 4-6 weeks

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7
Q

What is a cecotrope?

A

Night stools

Circadian rhythm with early morning/night production- provides B vitamins and amino acids produced by bacteria in the cecum

You shouldn’t see these left over in the morning

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8
Q

What is the difference in the color in urine if calciuria or porphyrins are present?

A

Calciuria: chalky white (excreting a lot of Ca)

Porphyrins: rusty orange

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9
Q

T/F: pH of rabbit urine is naturally acidic

A

FALSE

Naturally alkaline

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10
Q

What is the dx and what can the problem in the image be caused by?

A

This is pododermatitis

Caused by wirecage bottoms-hard on the rabbits feet

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11
Q

T/F: Rabbits can vomit- so if they eat too much cat litter in their litter box they will throw it up to prevent impaction

A

FALSE (all sorts of wrong)

Rabbits CAN’T vomit (similar to horses right?)

DON’T use clay litter- PAPER PRODUCTS ONLY (bunnies aren’t tree huggers)

Clay litter –> impactions (bad news)

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12
Q

What is shown in the picture?

A

Urine scald

  • Rabbits urinate A LOT (1-2x/day) that is high in ammonia- can be damaging to their skin*
  • Clean butt is a happy bunny*
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13
Q

When restraining a bunny- what should always be supported in order to prevent ____ fractures?

A

Always support lower back

Lumbar fractures (L6=most common)

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14
Q

What are good venipuncture sites in rabbits?

A

Lateral saphenous (best)

Ear vein

Jugular/cephalic- not best option because can’t breathe well

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15
Q

What are the two most common routes of fluid administration?

A

PO and SQ

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16
Q

What drug can cause this problem?

A

Diazepam

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17
Q

What is a fatal side effect if the wrong antibiotic is used in rabbits?

A

Bacterial dysbiosis in the gut (fatal diarrhea)

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18
Q

What are two toxin producing bacteria found in rabbits?

A

E. coli

Clostridium spiroforme

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19
Q

What Ab are good choices for rabbits?

A

Quinolones

Sulfa drugs

Chloramphenicol

Penicillin

Metronidazole

Azithromycin

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20
Q

What Ab are bad choices for rabbits?

A

Beta-lactams

Cefalosporins

Oral penicillins

Mycin family (lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin)

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21
Q

If a rabbit is presented w/ no interest in food, what should you suspect?

A

This rabbit is most likely painful

may also be hiding, hunched over or not moving

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22
Q

What are the NSAID’s and Opioids that are used in rabbits?

A

NSAID’s: carprofen, ketoprofen, meloxicam

Opioids: buprenorphine, torbugesic, hydromorphone

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23
Q

What are you at risk of tearing when spaying a rabbit if you go too far cranial?

A

Risk of tearing the cecum (black thin walled structure)

Always stay caudal to umbilicus (landmark)

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24
Q

What is another name for the ileo-cecal valve?

A

Sacculus rotundus

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25
Q

What is the name of the intestinal pacemaker- sets intestinal motility under hormonal influence?

A

Fusiform coli

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26
Q

What is the driving force for motility in the GI tract?

A

Insoluble Fiber

Remember insoluble fiber is not a direct nutrient however!

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27
Q

How long after feeding are cecotrophs typically seen?

A

4 hours post-feeding

rabbits are gross and eat these as they come out

28
Q

Cecotrophs are stimulated and reduced by what diet factors?

A

Stimulated: high fiber

Reduced: high protein

alafalfa is high in protein-avoid feeding too much of this

29
Q

What is the recommended diet for a rabbit?

A

High fiber, low carbs, grass hay

30
Q

What is .a common GI disorder seen in rabbits?

A

Generalized ileus (GI stasis)

31
Q

What does generalized ileus cause?

A

Decreased stool production, lack of appetitie

32
Q

What are potential causes/CS of generalized ileus?

A

Low fiber diet, stress, obesity, reduced hindgut motility and inactivity (causes)

pH changes

Dysbiosis, enterotoxemia

33
Q

This rabbit presents acutely sick, looking “stoned” and doesn’t seem to care about much- what is your dx based on the presentation and radiograph below?

A

Gastric bloat

EMERGENCY- act quick

34
Q

What is the treatment for gastric bloat?

A

Gastric decompression w/ tube

Immediate pain medication: midazolam, buprenorphine, hydromorphone (IV bolus)

Induce w/ gas or alfaxan

35
Q

What are the GI motility modifying drugs that act on the entire GI tract?

A

Metaclopromide and Cisapride

36
Q

What is used for pain management in a bunny with GI stasis?

A

Buprenorphine

37
Q

What is a drug that can be used (although not entirely helpful) for gas management?

A

Simethicone

38
Q

What antibiotic can be used for patients with GI stasis?

A

Penicilin (parenteral penicillin for anaerobes)

39
Q

T/F: True diarrhea is a medical emergency in rabbits

A

TRUE

40
Q

What are some predisposing factors to a rabbit not eating its cecals?

A

Obesity/inactivity

High protein, low fiber

Painful rear (arthritis)

Neuro dz

Dental dz

41
Q

What is seen in a rabbit with severe crystalluria?

A

Urinary sludge

42
Q

What are some common bacterial causes of “snuffles”?

A

Pasturella multocida (common- remember this is always in the respiratory tract however)

Can also be Bordetella, pseudomonas and staph

43
Q

When you’re presented with a sneezing rabbit- what is an area you should always examine to help rule out infectious causes?

A

PAWS- if you see discharge or contaminants on the pawas (most likely infectious)

44
Q

What two woodshavings material should be avoided?

A

Pine

Cedar

45
Q

T/F: Rabbits have a single nasolacrimal duct puncta?

A

TRUE

46
Q

What is the location of the NLD in rabbits?

A

Rusn along top of maxillary tooth roots from eye to nose

Teeth can impinge on duct

47
Q

What catheters are used to insert into the NLD and what drug should be used for a topical anesthetic?

A

Use gel-co caatheters

Proparacaine for topical anesthetic

48
Q

What are the respiratory antibiotics?

A

Quinolones

TMS

Chloramphenicol

Azithromycin- fights against strep and mycoplasma

49
Q

What CS may you see in a rabbit with bronchopneumonia?

A

Abdominal breathing

50
Q

If a rabbit has a thymoma what may you observe on clinical presentation?

A

Labored breathing, fluid build up (thorax) and bulging eyes

Can observe sebaceous adenitis

51
Q

WHat is the tx for pasted cecals?

A

Diazepam

52
Q

What does this rabbit have?

A

Heart disease

pockets of air, effusion

53
Q

What is an obligate intracellular microsporidia parasite that is acquired at birth and replicates in the kidneys and has affinity for neuro tissue?

A

Encephalitozooon cuniculi

commonly seen in dwarf breeds

54
Q

What are some therapeutic options for a rabbit with encephalitozoon cuniculi?

A

Benzimidazoles, fenbendazole, albendazole

Anti-inflammatories: meloxicam

Steroids: prednisone (decrease immune response)

55
Q

What combo antibiotics are used in cases of otitis media?

A

Penicillin

Marbofloxicin

TMS

56
Q

What are some anxiolytic drugs that can be used to manage the dyspneic rabbit?

A

Diazepam or Midazolam

57
Q

What is the condition on the right vs. left in these rabbits?

A

L: Phacoclastic uveitis

R: cataract

58
Q

What are these images examples of?

A

Incisor malocclusion

59
Q

What is a big dental problem in rabbits?

A

Jaw abscess

60
Q

What is recommended upon dx of uterine adenocarcinoma in a rabbit?

A

OHE

will metastasize to the lungs- thin dorsally and pot bellied w/ labored breathing (POSTER CHILD FOR METS!)

61
Q

T/F: Rabbits are always in heat

A

TRUE

62
Q

What is the cause of “Vent Disease” in rabbits?

A

AKA Rabbit Syphillus –> caused by Treponema cuniculi

NOT ZOONOTIC

63
Q

What age rabbits are predisposed to rabbits syphillus?

A

Young rabbits

64
Q

What is the tx for rabbit syphillus (vent dz)?

A

Combi-Pen

Procaine and Benzathine pen G

65
Q

T/F: Fiprinol is safe for rabbits

A

FALSE

66
Q

What is the suspected parasite in the picture on the L and the picture on the R? And what is used for tx?

A

L: Psoroptes cuniculi

R: Cheyletiella parasitavorax

Treatment is ivermectin SQ or selamectin topically

RUSVM Special Species- Summer '18 (9 decks)

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