Rabbits- Final Flashcards by Caitlyn Crawford

What type of digestive system do lagomorphs have?

Hindgut fermenting herbivore

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What is a female and male bunny called?

Female: doe

Male: buck

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How long is the gestation period?

30-33 days

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What is the #1 cancer in female rabbits?

Uterine cancer

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T/F: Rabbits can be re-impregnated the day that their litters are born

TRUE

Post-partum estrus allows for this to happen

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T/F: Bunny’s teeth never stop growing

TRUE

Should be cut every 4-6 weeks

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What is a cecotrope?

Night stools

Circadian rhythm with early morning/night production- provides B vitamins and amino acids produced by bacteria in the cecum

You shouldn’t see these left over in the morning

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What is the difference in the color in urine if calciuria or porphyrins are present?

Calciuria: chalky white (excreting a lot of Ca)

Porphyrins: rusty orange

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T/F: pH of rabbit urine is naturally acidic

FALSE

Naturally alkaline

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What is the dx and what can the problem in the image be caused by?

This is pododermatitis

Caused by wirecage bottoms-hard on the rabbits feet

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T/F: Rabbits can vomit- so if they eat too much cat litter in their litter box they will throw it up to prevent impaction

FALSE (all sorts of wrong)

Rabbits CAN’T vomit (similar to horses right?)

DON’T use clay litter- PAPER PRODUCTS ONLY (bunnies aren’t tree huggers)

Clay litter –> impactions (bad news)

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What is shown in the picture?

Urine scald

Rabbits urinate A LOT (1-2x/day) that is high in ammonia- can be damaging to their skin*
Clean butt is a happy bunny*

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When restraining a bunny- what should always be supported in order to prevent ____ fractures?

Always support lower back

Lumbar fractures (L6=most common)

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What are good venipuncture sites in rabbits?

Lateral saphenous (best)

Ear vein

Jugular/cephalic- not best option because can’t breathe well

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What are the two most common routes of fluid administration?

PO and SQ

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What drug can cause this problem?

Diazepam

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What is a fatal side effect if the wrong antibiotic is used in rabbits?

Bacterial dysbiosis in the gut (fatal diarrhea)

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What are two toxin producing bacteria found in rabbits?

E. coli

Clostridium spiroforme

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What Ab are good choices for rabbits?

Quinolones

Sulfa drugs

Chloramphenicol

Penicillin

Metronidazole

Azithromycin

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What Ab are bad choices for rabbits?

Beta-lactams

Cefalosporins

Oral penicillins

Mycin family (lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin)

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If a rabbit is presented w/ no interest in food, what should you suspect?

This rabbit is most likely painful

may also be hiding, hunched over or not moving

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What are the NSAID’s and Opioids that are used in rabbits?

NSAID’s: carprofen, ketoprofen, meloxicam

Opioids: buprenorphine, torbugesic, hydromorphone

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What are you at risk of tearing when spaying a rabbit if you go too far cranial?

Risk of tearing the cecum (black thin walled structure)

Always stay caudal to umbilicus (landmark)

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What is another name for the ileo-cecal valve?

Sacculus rotundus

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What is the name of the intestinal pacemaker- sets intestinal motility under hormonal influence?

Fusiform coli

What is the driving force for motility in the GI tract?

Insoluble Fiber *Remember insoluble fiber is not a direct nutrient however!*

How long after feeding are cecotrophs typically seen?

4 hours post-feeding *rabbits are gross and eat these as they come out*

Cecotrophs are stimulated and reduced by what diet factors?

Stimulated: high fiber Reduced: high protein *alafalfa is high in protein-avoid feeding too much of this*

What is the recommended diet for a rabbit?

High fiber, low carbs, grass hay

What is .a common GI disorder seen in rabbits?

Generalized ileus (GI stasis)

What does generalized ileus cause?

Decreased stool production, lack of appetitie

What are potential causes/CS of generalized ileus?

Low fiber diet, stress, obesity, reduced hindgut motility and inactivity (causes) pH changes Dysbiosis, enterotoxemia

This rabbit presents acutely sick, looking "stoned" and doesn't seem to care about much- what is your dx based on the presentation and radiograph below?

Gastric bloat EMERGENCY- act quick

What is the treatment for gastric bloat?

Gastric decompression w/ tube Immediate pain medication: midazolam, buprenorphine, hydromorphone (IV bolus) Induce w/ gas or alfaxan

What are the GI motility modifying drugs that act on the entire GI tract?

Metaclopromide and Cisapride

What is used for pain management in a bunny with GI stasis?

Buprenorphine

What is a drug that can be used (although not entirely helpful) for gas management?

Simethicone

What antibiotic can be used for patients with GI stasis?

Penicilin (parenteral penicillin for anaerobes)

T/F: True diarrhea is a medical emergency in rabbits

TRUE

What are some predisposing factors to a rabbit not eating its cecals?

Obesity/inactivity High protein, low fiber Painful rear (arthritis) Neuro dz Dental dz

What is seen in a rabbit with severe crystalluria?

Urinary sludge

What are some common bacterial causes of "snuffles"?

Pasturella multocida (common- remember this is always in the respiratory tract however) Can also be Bordetella, pseudomonas and staph

When you're presented with a sneezing rabbit- what is an area you should always examine to help rule out infectious causes?

PAWS- if you see discharge or contaminants on the pawas (most likely infectious)

What two woodshavings material should be avoided?

Pine Cedar

T/F: Rabbits have a single nasolacrimal duct puncta?

TRUE

What is the location of the NLD in rabbits?

Rusn along top of maxillary tooth roots from eye to nose Teeth can impinge on duct

What catheters are used to insert into the NLD and what drug should be used for a topical anesthetic?

Use gel-co caatheters Proparacaine for topical anesthetic

What are the respiratory antibiotics?

Quinolones TMS Chloramphenicol Azithromycin- fights against strep and mycoplasma

What CS may you see in a rabbit with bronchopneumonia?

Abdominal breathing

If a rabbit has a thymoma what may you observe on clinical presentation?

Labored breathing, fluid build up (thorax) and **_bulging eyes_** Can observe **_sebaceous adenitis_**

WHat is the tx for pasted cecals?

Diazepam

What does this rabbit have?

Heart disease ## Footnote *pockets of air, effusion*

What is an obligate intracellular microsporidia parasite that is acquired at birth and replicates in the kidneys and has affinity for neuro tissue?

Encephalitozooon cuniculi ## Footnote *commonly seen in dwarf breeds*

What are some therapeutic options for a rabbit with encephalitozoon cuniculi?

Benzimidazoles, fenbendazole, albendazole Anti-inflammatories: meloxicam Steroids: prednisone (decrease immune response)

What combo antibiotics are used in cases of otitis media?

Penicillin Marbofloxicin TMS

What are some anxiolytic drugs that can be used to manage the dyspneic rabbit?

Diazepam or Midazolam

What is the condition on the right vs. left in these rabbits?

L: Phacoclastic uveitis R: cataract

What are these images examples of?

Incisor malocclusion

What is a big dental problem in rabbits?

Jaw abscess

What is recommended upon dx of uterine adenocarcinoma in a rabbit?

OHE ## Footnote *will metastasize to the lungs- thin dorsally and pot bellied w/ labored breathing (POSTER CHILD FOR METS!)*

T/F: Rabbits are always in heat

TRUE

What is the cause of "Vent Disease" in rabbits?

AKA Rabbit Syphillus --\> caused by Treponema cuniculi ## Footnote **_NOT ZOONOTIC_**

What age rabbits are predisposed to rabbits syphillus?

Young rabbits

What is the tx for rabbit syphillus (vent dz)?

Combi-Pen Procaine and Benzathine pen G

T/F: Fiprinol is safe for rabbits

FALSE

What is the suspected parasite in the picture on the L and the picture on the R? And what is used for tx?

L: Psoroptes cuniculi R: Cheyletiella parasitavorax Treatment is ivermectin SQ or selamectin topically