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RUSVM Special Species- Summer '18 > Ferrets- Final Exam Material > Flashcards

Ferrets- Final Exam Material Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart situated?

A

Caudally located

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2
Q

What is Waardenburg syndrome?

A

color-linked congenital deafness in blaze/panda ferrets

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3
Q

If a ferret from Marshall Farms is seen with two tattoos in the ear- what does this represent?

A

That the ferret is neutered and vaccinated

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4
Q

What is the normal HR of a ferret and what is the characteristic of the R wave on EKG?

A

180-230 BPM

R wave – TALL

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5
Q

What is a common arrhythmia seen in ferrets?

A

AV block

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6
Q

What are some special features of the ferret GI tract?

A

STRICT CARNIVORE

Short GI transit

No cecum

Simple gut flora

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7
Q

What kind of diet does the ferret need?

A

High protein

High fat

Low fiber

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8
Q

Why should you avoid ‘grain free diets’ in ferrets?

A

cysteine stone formation due to changes in pH of urine

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9
Q

What is induced from scruffing a ferret?

A

Yawn reflex

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10
Q

What is ferretone?

A

Sweet snack that can be used to distract the patient while trying to get blood samples etc

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11
Q

What are the three chemical restraint methods used?

A

ISO

SEVO

Injectables

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12
Q

What is a good drug used for urinary/IV catheters and has long lasting sedation?

A

Torbugesic

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13
Q

What are the reversal agents for midazolam and dexdormitor?

A

Midazolam: flumazenil

Dedxormitor: atipamezole

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14
Q

What are two vaccines that ferrets require?

A

Rabies

Distemper

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15
Q

This ferret presented as shown below post vaccination-based off of the clinical findings, what are you suspicious of?

A

Canine Distemper Virus

Be careful when vaccinating for DV in ferrets- if you use the wrong vaccine you can induce CDV infection as shown in the picture. The ferret DV is modified through chickens- the CDV vaccine is modified using minx (closely related to ferrets) which is basically infecting them with distemper virus.

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16
Q

Which rabies vaccine is labeled for use in ferrets?

A

Imrab 3

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17
Q

How fast post vaccination are reactions seen and what can be used to treat/prevent reactions?

A

20-30 minutes post vaccine patient will go into anaphylaxis shock (GI/CV)

Tx: Dexmethasone SP, epinephrine, and IV fluid therapy

Prevent: pre-medicate with diphenhydramine

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18
Q

What are the sites of venipuncture in ferrets?

A

Cephalic vein (use insulin syringe)

Lateral saphenous

Cranial vena cava

Jugular

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19
Q

What are the two venipuncture sites in ferrets that can be used to obtain large amounts of blood from?

A

Jugular

Cranial vena cava

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20
Q

What is the pH of the urine?

A

5.5-6.5

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21
Q

What is a common crystal seen in ferrets due to the acidic pH of the urine?

A

magnesium-ammonium phosphate crystals

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22
Q

What can be seen in neutered males with untreated Adrenal dz?

A

Prostomegaly

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23
Q

What is the bottom arrow pointing to?

A

Enlarged cystic prostate

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24
Q

What can make male catheterization difficult

A

Small urethra and crooked os penis

25
Q

What is the technique for IV catheter application?

A
26
Q

What are four uses of IO catheters?

A

Blood transfusion

Dextrose administration

Shock fluids

Bone marrow aspiration

27
Q

Why are multiple transfusion okay to do in ferrets without cross matching?

A

There are no blood groups so no reactions to worry about

28
Q

What is the max % you can take in terms of blood transfusion of the body weight?

A

10%- try to never take this much unless NEEDED

Typically stay around 7-8%

29
Q

What are the pain medications used in ferrets?

A

Carprofen

Meloxicam

Buprenorphine

Torbugesic

Tramadol

30
Q

How can you initiate a yawn reflex and what does this allow you to examine in terms of dental exam?

A

Scruff the ferret

Examine the palate to see ulcers/fistulas

31
Q

Where does helicobacter mustelae colonize?

A

Pylorus and duodenum

32
Q

What are CS of gastric ulceration?

A

melena, bruxism, ptyalism, anorexia, inappetence, chronic weight loss

33
Q

What stain can be used to help dx gastric ulceration?

A

Silver stains (Warthin-starry)

34
Q

What drugs are used in the “triple therapy” for GI ulceration

A

Amoxycillin + Metronidazole + Bismuth Subsalicylate (pepto)

35
Q

What GI foregin bodies are commonly found in old vs. young ferrets?

A

Old: trichobezoars (hairball)

Young: rubber pieces

36
Q

What type of diarrhea is seen in ferrets with epizootic catarrhal enteritis?

A

Mucousy green slime diarrhea

37
Q

What is the cause of epizootic catarrhal enteritis?

A

Corona virus

Transmissible dz (3-4 days)

38
Q

What do we worry about in terms of age in young vs. old ferrets with epizootic catarrhal enteritis?

A

Young: carriers

Old: susceptible

39
Q

What GI problem looks similar to corona virus but typically only presented in older ferrets?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (chronic malabsorption syndrome)

40
Q

What type of diarrhea is seen in ferrets with inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Bird seed tan diarrhea

41
Q

Chronic inflammation of the GI tract can lead to what in ferrets?

A

MALT (lymphoma)

42
Q

What drugs are used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Prednisone or azathiaprine (immune-suppressive agents)

43
Q

What is an endocrine dz that you can expect every ferret to eventually get?

A

Hyperadrenocorticism

44
Q

What are some CS of hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Hair loss, pruritis, swollen vulva, prostatomegaly, stronger smell, return of sexual behavior

45
Q

T/F: Hyperadrenocorticism is a hormone producing tumor

A

TRUE

Hormone producing tumor –> hyperplasia –> adenoma –> adenocarcinoma

46
Q

What is the medical and sx treatment of hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Medical: Leuprolide

Sx: adrenalectomy

47
Q

If you see this- what does it indicate?

A

Bone marrow suppression –> END -STAGE DZ

Petechial hemorrhages

48
Q

What is the name of the implant that can be used for medical management of hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Deslorein 4.7 mg implant- can last 12-24 months

about 10% are adrenocarcinomas- these won’t respond to leuprolide

49
Q

What is the tumor in the pancreas that causes over stimulation of the beta cells?

A

Insulinoma

Pancreatic beta cell carcinoma

50
Q

T/F: Insulinoma is an acute dz in ferrets

A

FALSE

This is a slow progressive dz

51
Q

What are some CS seen with insulinoma patients?

A

Episodic weakness, drooling, inappetence

Difficult to arouse (look stoned)

Weak in rear end

Coma and seizures near end stage

52
Q

T/F: Insulinoma is considered an OLD ferret dz

A

TRUE

53
Q

What is the method of dx for insulinoma patients?

A

Fasting blood glucose < 60

54
Q

What are the medical and sx therapy options?

A

Medical: prednisone (first line therapy) and diazoxide (insulin blocker)

Sx: Nodulectomy or Partial Pancreatectomy

55
Q

What are the four common tumor types in ferrets?

A

Adrenal tumors

Insulinomas

Lymphosarcoma

Mast Cell tumors

56
Q

Dx this condition and common characteristics

A

Mast Cell Tumors

Weird bumps on skin that they scratch at causing bleeding and regrowth again

Benign tumors

Good prognosis

57
Q

What is the most common intestinal tumor in ferrets?

A

Lymphosarcoma

58
Q

What are the tx options for lymphosarcoma?

A

Sx debulking

Chemotherapy COP protocol–> Cyclophosphamide + Vincristine + Prednisolone

59
Q

What are the three common heart diseases seen in ferrets?

A

DCM

HCM

Heartworm (occult)- Advantage Multi Labeled for them

RUSVM Special Species- Summer '18 (9 decks)

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