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RUSVM Special Species- Summer '18 > Avian > Flashcards

Avian Flashcards

1
Q

What is the area on a bird with no feathers called?

A

Apteria

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2
Q

What are feather tracts called?

A

Pterylae

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3
Q

What side is the jugular vein bigger on?

A

Right side

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4
Q

What is the gland that is used for preening?

A

Uropygial gland

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5
Q

What is the purpose of preening?

A

Water-proofing and protection

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6
Q

What do blood quills signify?

A

A growing feather- NEVER pluck these

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7
Q

T/F: If there is a bird presented w/ a broken blood feather it is an emergency

A

TRUE- need to pluck the blood feather to tx

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8
Q

What do stress bars indicate?

A

shows damage in state of growth-most commonly location of a feather breakage

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9
Q

Where are primary vs. secondary feathers?

A

Primary: originate from carpus distally
Secondary: length of radius and ulna

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10
Q

What are characteristics of feather cysts?

A

same color as feathers & requires sx removal of feather follicles

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11
Q

What type of feathers can cause Macaw Respiratory Syndrome?

A

Powder down feathers- hypersensitivity reaction

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12
Q

T/F: Flight feathers in wings are attached to the bone

A

TRUE

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13
Q

What type of bones are hollow and filled with trabeculae?

A

Pneumatized bones

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14
Q

What feature on a birds neck allows for better rotation?

A

Single occipital condyle @ atlanto-occipital joint

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15
Q

What is the name of the fused thoracic vertebrae?

A

Notarium

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16
Q

What bones make up the synsacrum?

A

Ileum, ischium and pubis

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17
Q

What is between the notarium and synsacrum?

A

Free vertebrae- most common site of fracture

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18
Q

What is the area that is used to assess BCS?

A

Keel- start PE w/ BCS FIRST

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19
Q

What are the three bones that make up the shoulder on rads?

A

Clavicle (furcula)
Coracoid
Scapula

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20
Q

What should you not restrict during restraint for a PE?

A

Ribs and Keel

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21
Q

What are the two pneumatic bones?

A

Humerus/Femur

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22
Q

What bones can you IO catheterize?

A

Ulna & Tibiotarsus

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23
Q

What is the ligament on the wing that makes up the triangular flap between the shoulder and wrist?

A

Patagial ligament-needs to be intact to fly

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24
Q

T/F: On a calm bird you should be able to observe RR from a distance

A

FALSE- only in stressed states

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25
Q

Where are the nares located?

A

on top of the cere

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26
Q

What is the connection of the oral cavity w/ respiratory system?

A

Choana (aka palatine fissure)

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27
Q

T/F: Birds don’t have a soft palate

A

TRUE

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28
Q

T/F: Birds have an epiglottis

A

FALSE

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29
Q

Why should cuffed ET tubes not be used in birds?

A

Complete tracheal rings

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30
Q

What is the anatomical structure in birds that makes sounds?

A

Syrinx- located in bifurcation of trachea

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31
Q

Where do air capillaries arise from?

A

Parabronchus

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32
Q

What connects the bronchi and air sacs?

A

Ostium

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33
Q

What pattern do the parabronchi exhibit on rads?

A

Honeycomb pattern

34
Q

T/F: air sacs do not play a direct role in gas exchange

A

TRUE

35
Q

T/F: lungs do NOT expand

A

TRUE- rigid and adhered to ribs

36
Q

Due to the fact birds are missing a diaphragm- what provides the mechanical force for inspiratory and expiratory movements?

A

Ribs and Sternum

37
Q

Where does most of the inspired air go to?

A

Caudal air sacs

38
Q

Where and when does gas exchange occur?

A

In the lungs on inspiration and expiration

39
Q

What is the recommended anesthetic agent used for induction in birds?

A

Isoflurane

40
Q

What can occur as a result of intubating a bird too far?

A

Vagal stimulation

41
Q

When do you need to provide PPV to birds under anesthesia?

A

ALWAYS- even if they are breathing normally- they need to be provided with PPV 2-4 times per minute

42
Q

If you are doing sx on a bird and they stop breathing-what is the next step you take?

A

PROVIDE IT WITH AIR- don’t wait for patient to start breathing on own
Air sac canulation should be performed

43
Q

What is the difference of the ciliary bodies in birds vs. mammals?

A

Ciliary bodies in birds is composed of skeletal muscle- they have control over them!

44
Q

T/F: Mydriaics won’t work in birds

A

TRUE- this is why you should put under GA

45
Q

What structure provides nutrients to the retinal tissue?

A

Pecten

46
Q

What is an important thing to know when performing a pupillary light exam?

A

There is no INDIRECT PLR- dilate pupils independently

47
Q

How many chambers are in a birds heart?

A

4

48
Q

What is the apex of the heart covered by in rads?

A

Liver

49
Q

What is the shape of the cardiac silhouette?

A

Hourglass shape

50
Q

Why can you not use and automated cell counter on birds?

A

RBC are nucleated-must perform manual count

51
Q

What are the counterpart for neutrophils in birds?

A

Heterophils

52
Q

What is the % body weight in total blood?

A

10%

53
Q

Of the total blood- what percentage is safe to take?

A

10%

Rule of thumb: safely collect 1% of a birds body weight

54
Q

What is the spiky tissues around the choanal slit called?

A

Papillae

55
Q

If you don’t see papillae around the choanal slit-what is a major ddx?

A

Hypovitaminosis A

Birds that are commonly fed a seed only diet have this problem

56
Q

What are the four main aspects of the digestive system?

A

Crop: food storage
Proventriculus: glandular stomach
Ventriculus: mechanical stomach
Vent: outer part of cloaca

57
Q

What virus causes prolapse of the cloaca?

A

Papillomatosis

58
Q

Birds excrete what from their kidneys instead of urea?

A

Uric acid

59
Q

Why should injections be avoided in the lower limb of birds?

A

They will potentially enter in the renal portal system and be flushed out

60
Q

Where are the ovaries located in birds?

A

L side- single ovary

61
Q

T/F: Birds have paired testes

A

True

62
Q

What are your differentials for unilateral lameness vs. bilateral lameness?

A

Unilateral: renal carcinoma
Bilateral: egg binding

63
Q

If you notice green feces in birds-what should you suspect is going on?

A

Some sort of liver problem and maybe breakdown of RBC

Biliverdinuria=advanced liver dz

64
Q

What CS will you see if a bird has a ruptured air sac?

A

SQ emphysema

65
Q

What is the most common cause of a ruptured air sac?

A

Cat bite with introduction of pasturella

66
Q

T/F: Green bruising is normal in birds

A

TRUE

Note that birds do not get jaundice

67
Q

What is a common problem in finch that produces ocular edema?

A

Mycoplasma

68
Q

What CS are seen with Aspergillosis inf and what is used to tx?

A

Respiratory signs, increased WBC

Itraconazole PO

69
Q

What is the cause of multifocal lesions in the liver and GI tract?

A

Mycobacteriosis

70
Q

This virus presents itself as wart-like growths around eyes and other feather free areas

A

Avipoxvirus-highly contagious

71
Q

What are the common systems involved with chlamydophila psittaci?

A

Respiratory

GI

72
Q

What is the tx for chlamydophila psittaci?

A

48 days minimum of tetracyclines

73
Q

What is gout?

A

Renal function is impaired causing hyperuricemia resulting in urate precipitation in joints (articular gout) and visceral organs (visceral gout)

74
Q

What is the virus that presents in a bird with torticollosis, circling, can’t fly and very resistant to freezing due to it being a enveloped virus?

A

Newcastle dz- Parymyxovirus
ZOONOTIC
Other CS: swelling around eyes/neck, greenish watery D+, rough/thin shells

75
Q

This infectious disease presents itself with whit to yellowish areas in mouth cavity

A

Trichomonas Gallinae

76
Q

What is Pacheco’s dz?

A

Herpesvirus- dx based on liver dz and necropsy

77
Q

What is the pathognomonic sign of polyomavirus?

A

SQ hemorrhage

78
Q

What is the name of the mite in birds that causes mange?

A

Knemidokoptes pilae

79
Q

What is another name for avian borna virus and what CS are seen?

A

Proventricular Dilation Dz

Neuropathy, stomach dilation/lack of peristalsis, CNS signs

80
Q

What causes bending in bones?

A

Ca-P imbalance

81
Q

Why are abscesses hard in birds?

A

Heterophiles

82
Q

What is an important dz of young birds that causes feather dystrophy?

A

Psittacine beak and feather dz

RUSVM Special Species- Summer '18 (9 decks)

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