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RUSVM Special Species- Summer '18 > Avian > Flashcards

Avian Flashcards

1
Q

What is the area on a bird with no feathers called?

A

Apteria

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2
Q

What are feather tracts called?

A

Pterylae

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3
Q

What side is the jugular vein bigger on?

A

Right side

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4
Q

What is the gland that is used for preening?

A

Uropygial gland

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5
Q

What is the purpose of preening?

A

Water-proofing and protection

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6
Q

What do blood quills signify?

A

A growing feather- NEVER pluck these

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7
Q

T/F: If there is a bird presented w/ a broken blood feather it is an emergency

A

TRUE- need to pluck the blood feather to tx

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8
Q

What do stress bars indicate?

A

shows damage in state of growth-most commonly location of a feather breakage

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9
Q

Where are primary vs. secondary feathers?

A

Primary: originate from carpus distally
Secondary: length of radius and ulna

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10
Q

What are characteristics of feather cysts?

A

same color as feathers & requires sx removal of feather follicles

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11
Q

What type of feathers can cause Macaw Respiratory Syndrome?

A

Powder down feathers- hypersensitivity reaction

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12
Q

T/F: Flight feathers in wings are attached to the bone

A

TRUE

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13
Q

What type of bones are hollow and filled with trabeculae?

A

Pneumatized bones

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14
Q

What feature on a birds neck allows for better rotation?

A

Single occipital condyle @ atlanto-occipital joint

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15
Q

What is the name of the fused thoracic vertebrae?

A

Notarium

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16
Q

What bones make up the synsacrum?

A

Ileum, ischium and pubis

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17
Q

What is between the notarium and synsacrum?

A

Free vertebrae- most common site of fracture

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18
Q

What is the area that is used to assess BCS?

A

Keel- start PE w/ BCS FIRST

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19
Q

What are the three bones that make up the shoulder on rads?

A

Clavicle (furcula)
Coracoid
Scapula

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20
Q

What should you not restrict during restraint for a PE?

A

Ribs and Keel

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21
Q

What are the two pneumatic bones?

A

Humerus/Femur

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22
Q

What bones can you IO catheterize?

A

Ulna & Tibiotarsus

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23
Q

What is the ligament on the wing that makes up the triangular flap between the shoulder and wrist?

A

Patagial ligament-needs to be intact to fly

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24
Q

T/F: On a calm bird you should be able to observe RR from a distance

A

FALSE- only in stressed states

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25
Where are the nares located?
on top of the cere
26
What is the connection of the oral cavity w/ respiratory system?
Choana (aka palatine fissure)
27
T/F: Birds don't have a soft palate
TRUE
28
T/F: Birds have an epiglottis
FALSE
29
Why should cuffed ET tubes not be used in birds?
Complete tracheal rings
30
What is the anatomical structure in birds that makes sounds?
Syrinx- located in bifurcation of trachea
31
Where do air capillaries arise from?
Parabronchus
32
What connects the bronchi and air sacs?
Ostium
33
What pattern do the parabronchi exhibit on rads?
Honeycomb pattern
34
T/F: air sacs do not play a direct role in gas exchange
TRUE
35
T/F: lungs do NOT expand
TRUE- rigid and adhered to ribs
36
Due to the fact birds are missing a diaphragm- what provides the mechanical force for inspiratory and expiratory movements?
Ribs and Sternum
37
Where does most of the inspired air go to?
Caudal air sacs
38
Where and when does gas exchange occur?
In the lungs on inspiration and expiration
39
What is the recommended anesthetic agent used for induction in birds?
Isoflurane
40
What can occur as a result of intubating a bird too far?
Vagal stimulation
41
When do you need to provide PPV to birds under anesthesia?
ALWAYS- even if they are breathing normally- they need to be provided with PPV 2-4 times per minute
42
If you are doing sx on a bird and they stop breathing-what is the next step you take?
PROVIDE IT WITH AIR- don't wait for patient to start breathing on own Air sac canulation should be performed
43
What is the difference of the ciliary bodies in birds vs. mammals?
Ciliary bodies in birds is composed of skeletal muscle- they have control over them!
44
T/F: Mydriaics won't work in birds
TRUE- this is why you should put under GA
45
What structure provides nutrients to the retinal tissue?
Pecten
46
What is an important thing to know when performing a pupillary light exam?
There is no INDIRECT PLR- dilate pupils independently
47
How many chambers are in a birds heart?
4
48
What is the apex of the heart covered by in rads?
Liver
49
What is the shape of the cardiac silhouette?
Hourglass shape
50
Why can you not use and automated cell counter on birds?
RBC are nucleated-must perform manual count
51
What are the counterpart for neutrophils in birds?
Heterophils
52
What is the % body weight in total blood?
10%
53
Of the total blood- what percentage is safe to take?
10% | Rule of thumb: safely collect 1% of a birds body weight
54
What is the spiky tissues around the choanal slit called?
Papillae
55
If you don't see papillae around the choanal slit-what is a major ddx?
Hypovitaminosis A | Birds that are commonly fed a seed only diet have this problem
56
What are the four main aspects of the digestive system?
Crop: food storage Proventriculus: glandular stomach Ventriculus: mechanical stomach Vent: outer part of cloaca
57
What virus causes prolapse of the cloaca?
Papillomatosis
58
Birds excrete what from their kidneys instead of urea?
Uric acid
59
Why should injections be avoided in the lower limb of birds?
They will potentially enter in the renal portal system and be flushed out
60
Where are the ovaries located in birds?
L side- single ovary
61
T/F: Birds have paired testes
True
62
What are your differentials for unilateral lameness vs. bilateral lameness?
Unilateral: renal carcinoma Bilateral: egg binding
63
If you notice green feces in birds-what should you suspect is going on?
Some sort of liver problem and maybe breakdown of RBC | Biliverdinuria=advanced liver dz
64
What CS will you see if a bird has a ruptured air sac?
SQ emphysema
65
What is the most common cause of a ruptured air sac?
Cat bite with introduction of pasturella
66
T/F: Green bruising is normal in birds
TRUE | **Note that birds do not get jaundice**
67
What is a common problem in finch that produces ocular edema?
Mycoplasma
68
What CS are seen with Aspergillosis inf and what is used to tx?
Respiratory signs, increased WBC | Itraconazole PO
69
What is the cause of multifocal lesions in the liver and GI tract?
Mycobacteriosis
70
This virus presents itself as wart-like growths around eyes and other feather free areas
Avipoxvirus-highly contagious
71
What are the common systems involved with chlamydophila psittaci?
Respiratory | GI
72
What is the tx for chlamydophila psittaci?
48 days minimum of tetracyclines
73
What is gout?
Renal function is impaired causing hyperuricemia resulting in urate precipitation in joints (articular gout) and visceral organs (visceral gout)
74
What is the virus that presents in a bird with torticollosis, circling, can't fly and very resistant to freezing due to it being a enveloped virus?
Newcastle dz- Parymyxovirus ZOONOTIC Other CS: swelling around eyes/neck, greenish watery D+, rough/thin shells
75
This infectious disease presents itself with whit to yellowish areas in mouth cavity
Trichomonas Gallinae
76
What is Pacheco's dz?
Herpesvirus- dx based on liver dz and necropsy
77
What is the pathognomonic sign of polyomavirus?
SQ hemorrhage
78
What is the name of the mite in birds that causes mange?
Knemidokoptes pilae
79
What is another name for avian borna virus and what CS are seen?
Proventricular Dilation Dz | Neuropathy, stomach dilation/lack of peristalsis, CNS signs
80
What causes bending in bones?
Ca-P imbalance
81
Why are abscesses hard in birds?
Heterophiles
82
What is an important dz of young birds that causes feather dystrophy?
Psittacine beak and feather dz

RUSVM Special Species- Summer '18 (9 decks)

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