Avian-Final Exam Material

Question 1

T/F: The only gland birds have is the uropygial gland

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

What happens to the feather growth if a follicle is damaged?

Answer 2

Leads to lack of new growth

Question 3

What is a common site for adenocarcinomas in birds?

Answer 3

Preen gland

Question 4

What are some “life-style” causes of poor feathering?

Answer 4

Trauma from environment Cagemate trauma Growth interruption Poor preening

Question 5

What feather presentations are common in juvenile birds?

Answer 5

Unpreened feathers, stress bars and trauma

Question 6

What are stress bars?

Answer 6

Interruption in growth from a stressful event

Question 7

What kind of behavior is preening?

Answer 7

A flock behavior

Poor preening seen in hand raised babies, over zealous mates, stressful environment

Question 8

What is the number 1 cause of trauma in a bird?

Answer 8

Broken blood feather

Question 9

What is a common cause of poor integument in birds?

Answer 9

Poor diet

Question 10

What is beta carotene and what foods are high in this?

Answer 10

Pro-vitamin A

Mangoes, papaya (think tropical fruits for tropical birds)

Question 11

What is the name of this mite found in birds?

Answer 11

Chicken mite or “red mite”

Dermanyssus gallinae

Question 12

What is the cause of this problem seen in the image and what is the tx of choice?

Answer 12

Scaley face and leg mite- Knemidocoptes

Tx= IVERMECTIN

Question 13

What is a way for an owner to figure out if they have a Dermanyssus gallinae problem with their bird?

Answer 13

Place a white towel over cage at night and all the mites will be stuck in the towel fibers in the morning

Question 14

What is a common feather problem seen in birds that is suspected to be caused by captivity/boredem

Answer 14

Pulling feathers out

Question 15

In small birds there is a correlation in feather plucking and what intestinal dz?

Answer 15

Giardia infections –> make sure you fecal test feather plucking birds

Question 16

What is displayed in the picture below and how does the bird get it?

Answer 16

Crop burn

Commonly from overheated baby formula in hand raised babies

Owners typically notice this 2 weeks after the bird has gotten burned when food starts seeping through the hole

Question 17

What is observed in the picture and what can be used to dx this dz?

Answer 17

This is Psittacine beak and feather dz (feather dystrophy in young- ACTIVELY GROWING FEATHERS)

PCR blood test=IMPORTANT

Doesn’t show up until later- 11 months (if positive test- can be a transient viremia-wait 90 days an recheck)

HARD TO GET RID OF

Question 18

What are two medicaitons that can be used for pain in avian?

Answer 18

Torbugesic and Meloxicam

Question 19

What medication can be used for neurogenic pain?

Answer 19

Gabapentin

Question 20

What drug is a antipsychotic used in avian?

Answer 20

Haliperidol

Question 21

What causes dominant aggression in “domestic birds” towards other humans?

Answer 21

Exaggerated hormonal behaviors

Question 22

What are some common examples of reproductive tract disease in avian?

Answer 22

Excessive egg laying

Egg binding and dystocia

Egg yolk peritonitis

Hypocalcemia (caused by overlaying)

Pathological fractures

Oviductal and cloacal prolapse

Tumors in males/females

Question 23

T/F: You can sex all birds based off of its vibrant color pattern

Answer 23

FALSE- very few can be sexed by color

You blood/feather sexing tests (DNA test)

Question 24

How many eggs does a chicken vs. cockatiel routinely lay?

Answer 24

Chicken: 1 per 24 hours

Cockatiel: 1 per 36-40 hours

Question 25

Define egg binding

Answer 25

AKA-dystocia

Prolonged transit through oviduct

Question 26

What type of birds frequently have egg binding?

Answer 26

Small birds (cockatiels, lovebirds, budgies, finches, and canaries)

Question 27

What are some associating factors to egg binding?

Answer 27

Associated w/ over-laying

Poor dietary calcium

Oversized or poorly shelled eggs, uterine inertia, poor musculature

Question 28

What side of the bird are eggs located and how long does it take to shell an egg?

Answer 28

Left side

takes 12 hours

Question 29

The full amount of circulating calcium is withdrawn by the uterus every ____ minutes

Answer 29

15

Question 30

Pearl mutation is linked with which sex?

Answer 30

Female sex-linked color

Question 31

Dx the image

Answer 31

Egg binding

Question 32

What problem can result from a bird pushing too hard to get an egg out?

Answer 32

Prolapsed oviduct

Question 33

What can be used to dx egg binding and dystocia?

Answer 33

US- you can see normal egg layers- egg shell, white, albumin and yolk

Question 34

What should be tried first when tx egg binding?

Answer 34

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT FIRST!

Calcium, fluids, heat and pain meds

Meloxicam and torbugesic

Smaller birds get hypoglycemic so supplement w/ dextrose

Question 35

What is the procedure where egg contents are sucked out to collapse egg to help a bird pass an egg during egg binding?

Answer 35

Ovocentesis

Question 36

What is the sx procedure of choice for egg binding?

Answer 36

Hysterectomy

Question 37

What is the drug that is used to prevent more egg laying?

Answer 37

Leuprolide (Lupron)

Question 38

Male bird presented to you with pain, lameness and leg chewing with bilaterally swollen legs….what do you suspect as the dx?

Answer 38

Testicular hyperplasia

Testes in front of kidney where sciatic nerve passes before going down leg and can compress the nerve leading to swelling

Question 39

What is the drug used for birds with testicular hyperplasia?

Answer 39

Leuprolide Acetate- GnRH agonist

2.5-3 wk. duration

Question 40

What is circled in the following image?

Answer 40

Testes- MALE BIRD

Don’t confuse with egg