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RUSVM Spec Species > Rabbits > Flashcards

Rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

How many domesticated rabbit species are there?

How many breeds does the American Rabbit Breeders Association recognize?

A

1 domesticated species

48 breeds

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2
Q

T/F: Rabbits are unpredicatble in a clinic and often get injured. To minimalize the chance of injury, all treatment should be performed on the floor and the rabbit should be held “football style” when not on the ground.

A

True

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3
Q

What are two common injuries we see in over-handled rabbits?

A

back injuries

broken legs

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4
Q

T/F: Rabbits are the largest of the rodent order.

A

FALLLLLSE

They are Lagomorphs.

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5
Q

T/F: Lagomorphs have 2 pair of incisors on the top and 1 pair of incisors on the bottom.

A

True

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6
Q

What kind of activity/foraging behavior do rabbits exhibit?

A

Nocturnal

social

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7
Q

How long can rabbits live?

A

6-10 years

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8
Q

T/F: All rabbit teeth are open-rooted

A

True

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9
Q

What type of GI tract do rabbits have?

A

Hindgut fermenting herbivorous

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10
Q

At what age does a Bucks testes descend?

A

3 month

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11
Q

Does are induced ovulators. How long is their gestation period?

A

30-33 days

4-12 young weaned at 6 weeks

They are always in heat and have a post-partum estrus

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12
Q

What is the #1 cancer in rabbits?

A

Uterine Adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

What type of teeth do rabbits have?

A

All open-rooted teeth

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14
Q

What does it mean to be coprophagic?

A

To eat feces

Rabbits eat their cecotropes

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15
Q

How much calcium can a rabbit absorb from its diet?

A

As much as it ingests. Absorbs calcium unhcecked

Can lead to calciuria

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16
Q

As an herbivore, what is the pH of rabbit urine?

A

Alkaline

may see crystals

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17
Q

A client brings in a rabbit with a complatint of white, sludge like urine. You take RADs of the rabbit’s abdomen and it looks like someone was trying to preform a dye study in the bladder. What is your diagnosis?

A

Calciuria

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18
Q

T/F: Rabbits can NOT vomit.

A

True

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19
Q

A client brings in thier rabbit to your clinic for its annual exam. The client brought in a stool sample because the stool looked odd. These are the poops she brought in. What is wrong with them and what do you recommend?

A

These are hair ball poops.

Recommend that the owner brushes the rabbit regularly and feeds a high fiber diet to minimalize chance of obstruction.

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20
Q

When setting up an indoor bunny home, which is better?

Wire bottom or solid bottom

water bowl or bottle

A

Solid bottom and water bowl

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21
Q

T/F: Wire bottom cages can lead to pododermatitis.

A

True

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22
Q

Which vertebrae is most common to fracture due to improper handling of a rabbit?

A

L6

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23
Q

A client comes in concerned because her rabbit has been rubbing its chin on all the things in the house. You note no abnormalities on PE. What do you tell the Owner?

A

The rabbit is rubbing its chin gland on things to claim them.

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24
Q

Name 4 veinipuncture sites in the rabbit.

A

Lateral saphenous

Cephalic vein

Jugular vein

Ear vein

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25
Q

What is this tool called?

Its used for looking into all the orifices, especially those with sharp teeth where small mammals are concerned.

A

Welch-Allyn Bivalver Nasal Speculum

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26
Q

What are the MAIN routes for drugs in rabbits?

A

SQ and Oral

IV Fluids for shocky rabbits

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27
Q

What is the normal temerpaure of a rabbit?

What temperature do we become concerned with shock?

A

101-104° F = normal

<98° F = shock

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28
Q

What injectable caused this ear slough?

A

Valium/Diazepam

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29
Q

What are we concerned about causing in rabbits if we use selective gram-positive antibiotics?

A

Gut bacterial dysbiosis

Signs: Diarrhea, inappetance, endotoxemia, DEATH

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30
Q

What are the two common bacteria that lead to dysbiosis in the bunny wunny?

A

E. coli and Colstridium spiroforme

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31
Q

T/F: Quinolones, Sulfa drugs, Cholramphenicol, Metronidazole, Azithromycin and Penicillin are safe to use in the rabbit.

A

True

As long as its injectable penicillin

oral penicillin causes dysbiosis

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32
Q

T/F: Beta-lactams (oral penicillin and cefalosporins) and Mycins except for azithromycin are contraindicated in the rabbit.

A

True

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33
Q

What should you assume if you have a quiet, hunched, hiding, not eating bunny?

A

Its in pain

Prey speciese heal poorly with pain so ALWAYS give analgesics

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34
Q

What are some analgesics we can give to rabbits?

A

NSAIDs: Carprofen, Ketoprofen, meloxicam

Opiods: Bupernorphine, Butorphanol, hydrocodone

Tramadol is iffy

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35
Q

T/F: Rabbits are herbivorous, mongastic, hindgut fermentors.

A

true

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36
Q

What is the largest organ in the rabbit GI tract?

A

Cecum

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37
Q

Why are we concerned that rabbits have non-distensible stomachs?

A

They can’t vomit, so food overload can rupture the stomach

38
Q

T/F: Rabbits have a thick muscular pylorus

A

true

39
Q

The cecum in the rabbit is a pigmented, thin walled and coiled organ that is responsible for the fermentation of ______ fiber and the production of ________.

A

The cecum in the rabbit is a pigmented, thin walled and coiled organ that is responsible for the fermentation of soluble fiber and the production of cecotrophs (cecals).

40
Q

What is the driving force of the rabbit GI tract?

A

Fiber

41
Q

T/F: Insoluble fiber acts as a motility modifyer and a direct nutrient.

A

False

it is NOT a direct nutrient.

42
Q

How long after eating do rabbits typically produce a cecal?

A

~4 hours after eating

43
Q

T/F: Most owners do not see the cecal becuase it is consumed right from the anus, leading many owners to think a cecal in the cage is diarrhea.

A

True

44
Q

The formation of cecals is stimulated by a ___ fiber diet and reduced by a ____ protein diet.

A

The formation of cecals is stimulated by a high fiber diet and reduced by a high protein diet.

45
Q

What is a common food given to rabbits that is high in protein, and thus reduces cecal formation?

A

Alfalfa hay = legume = high protein

46
Q

What is the ideal rabbit diet?

A

High fiber, low carbs, low protein

So lots of grass hay, less leafy greens, minimal pellets and even less treats and fruit

47
Q

Generalized ileus is common in all breeds of rabbit. What 3 clinical signs make us start to worry?

A

Painful abdomen

Hypothermia

Shock

48
Q

GIT Stasis can be caused by low fiber diets, stress, obesity, inacivity, pH changes, abnormal fermentation and reduced hingut motility. What 2 unlisted causes give us the most concern?

A

Dysbiosis and Enterotoxemia

49
Q

Which is NOT a part of the routine treatment of rabbits for GIT stasis?

Fluids

Metaclopromide/Cisapride

Opioids

Simethicone

Exercise

Decomperession if bloated

A

PSYCH

They all are

50
Q

What do we add to the treatment protocol for a shocky or hypothermic rabbit with mucoid feces?

A

PARENTERAL penicillin

51
Q

T/F: Surgery has a good prognosis for GIT stasis, especially in cases of endotoxemia.

A

False

few cases survive surgery, esp enterotoxemia

This is why we don’t think twice about giving motility dugs to rabbits. Even if they do have an obstruction, we probably won’t find it and they most likely won’t survive surgery. It’s better to treat and hope they don’t have a true obstruction.

52
Q

T/F: Most owners can tell the difference between an uneaten cecotroph and true diarrhea.

A

False

True diarrhea will happen multiple times a day and be unable to pick up with fingers. Common in baby bunnies.

53
Q

A client calls in wanting some anti-diarrheal medication for her bunny. She tells you the bunny is squirting out liquid from its bottom several times a day. What do you tell her?

A

To get her booty and bunny into the clinic ASAP

True diarrhea is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY in rabbits

54
Q

What are 5 predisposing factors to uneaten cecals or cecals matted to the booty fur?

A

Obesity/inactivity

High protein low fiber diet

pain (arthritis, dermatitis)

Neurological Dz

Dental Dz

55
Q

Which greens are high in calcium and should not be fed to your bunny in order to lessen the chance of them producing urine sludge?

A

Alfalfa

Spinach

Kale

Parsely

56
Q

How do we treat urine sludge in the rabbit?

A

Pass urinary cath (sedation)

warm saline flush

recheck RADs

SQ fluids

Bupernorphine

NSAIDs for home

correct predisposing factors

57
Q

T/F: Most dietary disorders in the rabbit are preventable.

A

True

58
Q

Open mouth breathing in a rabbit is a very bad sign because rabbits are _____ _____ breathers

A

Obligate nasal

59
Q

T/F: URIs in rabbits are almost always viral

A

False

URIs are almost always bacterial, sometimes fungal

60
Q

What is the most common cause of snuffles in rabbits of all ages?

A

Pasteurella multocida

61
Q

A client brings in their rabbit complaing about the rabbit having the “snuffles”. On PE you note no discharge from the nose. Where else should you check?

A

Paws

Rabbits clean their noses off their wittle foots

62
Q

Do we use short term or long term antibiotics when managing an URI in a rabbit?

A

long term abx

63
Q

Rabbits have a single nasolacrimal duct puncta located where?

A

Medial canthus

64
Q

What is important to note about the location of the NLD in the rabbit in relation to the teeth?

A

The NLD runs along the top of the maxillary tooth roots

65
Q

What can happen if the NLD becomes impinged by the tooth roots?

A

Chronic epiphora, dacrocystitis & URI

66
Q

Abdominal breathing can be indicative of what respiratoy disease in rabbits?

A

Bronchopneumonia

R/o other thoracic dz

gaurded prognosis

67
Q

How do we diagnose bronchopneumonia in the rabbit?

A

RADs

68
Q

What is a rule out for diagnosing thymoma in rabbits?

A

Cardiomyopathy

69
Q

T/F: Analgesics are essential in treatment of bronchopneumonia because it is painful.

A

True

NSAID + Opioid

70
Q

What are two DDx for head tilt in a rabbit?

A

Otitis media/interna

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

71
Q

E. cuniculi is an obligate intracellular microsporidia parasite acquired at birth. Where does it replicate?

What tissue does it have an affinity for?

A

Replicated in the Kindeys

Affinity for neuro tissue

72
Q

How do we diagnose E. cuniculi?

A

Ante-mortem: blood test,

CT/RADs to r/o otitis interna

Post-mortem: kindey/brain biopsy

73
Q

How do we treat E. cuniculi?

A

Fenbendazole/albendazole

Steroids

Anti-inflammatories

Abx (in case otitis media)

74
Q

What should we monitor durring treatment of E. cuniculi?

A

CBC

E. cuniculi can cause bone marrow suppression

75
Q

How often do we cut teeth to treat incisor malocclusion?

A

every 6-8 weeks.

76
Q

T/F: If we want to remove 1 incisor, we need to be sure to get the root and remove all 6 incisors.

A

True

77
Q

T/F: Jaw abscess is a big problem in rabbits that can lead to osteomyelitis.

A

True

Treatment requires aggressive surgical debridement

78
Q

What antibiotic do we soak our packing gauze in when treating a jaw abscess?

A

Cefazolin

79
Q

What type of antibiotic should we use for dental abscess treatment?

A

anaerobic

80
Q

Some breeds of rabbit have uterine adenocarcinoma occurance rates near what percent?

A

80%

81
Q

T/F: OHE is recommended in rabbits because ALL intact does will have uterine disease.

A

True

assuming they live long enough to

82
Q

What kind of uterus and cervix do rabbits possess?

A

bicornate uterus

double cervis

83
Q

What are some locations an uterine adenocarcinoma will metastisize to?

A

lung

bone

soft tissue

84
Q

How long does it take for uterine adenocarcinomas in rabbits to metastasize?

A

7-9 months

85
Q

What are 4 rule outs for hematuria?

A

Porphyrins

Urolithiasis

Uterine adenocarcinoma

benign endometrial disease

cystitis is an unlikely cause in rabbits

86
Q

Severe crystalluria in sedentary rabbits presents grossly as ____ ____.

A

urinary sludge

very painful, causes dysuria

87
Q

What is the difference between calciuria and a urolith in rabbits?

A

Calciuria resolves with medical rx

Urolith require surgical removal

88
Q

What are some other names for Rabbit syphilus or “vent disease”?

A

Spirochetosis or Treponematosis

89
Q

What is the etiology of Rabbit spirochetosis?

A

Treponema cuniculi

90
Q

Treponematosis is NOT zoonotic, but it is a contagious veneral disease of young rabbits. What signs does it present with?

A

scabs on the face and vent

Don’t mistake it for an URI

91
Q

How do we diagnose rabbit syphilus?

A

Biopsy/PCR

92
Q

What is the only treatment for “vent disease”?

A

Long acting penicillin

2 SQ doses 4 days apart

(combi-pen = procaine and benzathine pen G)

RUSVM Spec Species (9 decks)

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