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RUSVM Spec Species > Guinea Pigs > Flashcards

Guinea Pigs Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of activity/foraging behavior do guinea pigs exhibit?

A

Nocturnal

They are social species

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2
Q

T/F: Guinea Pigs are foregut fermenting herbivores

A

False

Guinea Pigs are hindgut fermenting herbivores

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3
Q

What type of teeth do Guinea Pigs have?

A

ALL teeth are open-rooted

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4
Q

What is the average life span and weight of a Guinea Pig?

A

5-7 years

800-1400 grams

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5
Q

Name 4 mammals that do not make their own Vitamin C, thus require it in their diet.

A

Guinea Pigs

Primates (Humans included)

Fruit Bats

Capybaras

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6
Q

How many recognized breeds of Guinea Pig are there currently?

A

The American Rabbit Breeders Associtaion currently recognizes 13 breeds

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7
Q

Female Guinea Pigs have a long gestation of about 60-63 days, with 2-4 precocial young. What type of estrus do they undergo?

A

Seasonal Polyestrus

Post-partum heat

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8
Q

Why do we worry about breeding Guinea Pigs for the first time when they are over 8 months old?

A

Pubic symphysis closure at 8 months leads to dystocia if not bred before 8 months

Pubic symphysis remains open for life if pregnant before 8 months

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9
Q

T/F: Female Guinea Pigs have 3 seperate openings for the urethra, vagina and rectum.

A

True

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10
Q

Which opening is the urethra in this male guinea pig?

A

Red Arrow - flaccid one is the urethra

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11
Q

T/F: This Guinea Pig has some kind of skin issue

A

False

It’s just secretion from the sebaceous rump gland

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12
Q

What should a Guinea Pig diet look like?

A

High Fiber

No Grain

Grass hay ad lib (NOT ALFALFA)

Fresh leaf greens

Vit C 25-50 mg/day

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13
Q

What are the problems with feeding Guinea Pigs and other hindgut fermenting herbivores with open-rooted teeth Alfalfa Hay?

A

High Protein and Calcium

Doesn’t help grind teeth

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14
Q

What is Scurvy?

A

Vitamin C Deficiency

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15
Q

How does scurvy lead to dental disease?

A

Vit C necessary for healthy collagen

Collagen anchors teeth

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16
Q

How can scurvy lead to pododermatitis?

A

Painful joints make guinea pigs not want to move

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17
Q

What are some clincal signs associated with dental disease in Guinea Pigs?

A

Ulcerations

Dysphagia

Ptyalism

Bruxism

Anorexia

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18
Q

Guinea pig dentition looks like this.

What are some consequences of malocclusion caused by overgrowth of the mollars?

A

Tounge entrapment

mouth forced open, masseter muscle damage

incisor overgrowth

bumps along the jaw

eye buldging

19
Q

T/F: When dealing with a dental abscess in a guinea pig, it is important to close the abscess after surgically debriding it to make sure bacteria doesn’t get into the area again.

A

False

We leave it open by “marsupializing” or packing it with antibiotic gauze/honey

20
Q

For supportive care when dealing with a Guinea Pig who had a dental abscess, we will give meloxicam for pain, cisapride to aid motility and antibiotics for possible infection. How often do we syringe feed to ensure the Guinea Pig is eating?

A

QID

4 times a day

21
Q

Ileus is usually a secondary problem in Guinea Pigs. What are some problems that can lead to ileus?

A

Post-Op

Pain/Arthritis (so they stop eating and have no poops)

Poor DIet - Low fiber

Dysbiosis/Enterotoxemia

Gas Production

22
Q

Your client brings in a Guinea Pig beaucse it has been just laying flat stretched out and not moving or eating. Your PE reveals abdominal distension (you have X-ray vision and note that it’s gas in the stomach and cecum). What prognosis do you have for the client?

A

Poor prognisis

Sounds like bloat and at this stage of bloat there is a high mortalitiy rate.

23
Q

How do we attempt to treat bloat?

A

Decompress with tube/aspiration

PARENTERAL Abx

Bupernorphine

Fluids (IV/IO/SQ)

Famotidine

24
Q

What is the most common cause of dermatophytosis in Guinea Pigs?

How does it present?

A

Trichophyton sp. (NOT Microsporum)

Non-puritic white crusts in a focal area

25
Q

How do we prefer to treat dermatophytosis in guinea pigs?

A

Itraconzaole

Griseofulvin can also be used, but is somewhat toxic so less prefered.

26
Q

T/F: Lice is rare in Guinea Pigs

A

False

Lice is common

Make a visual diagnosis seeing white nits, thus hard to diagnose in white hair

Adults are hard to see in general as well

27
Q

A client brings in her guinea pig to your clinic with a presenting complaint of hair loss and being extremely itchy. Durring your PE, the guinea pig has a seizure. How do you diagnose what you suspect to be wrong?

A

Skin scrape or biopsy

sounds like Sarcoptic Mange

28
Q

The results come back and you diagnose Sarcoptic Mange in the Guinea Pig. You shave the fur and decide to treat with topical and injectible drugs. What are they? What time frame of treatment should you give the owner?

A

Ivermectin (LA Injectible)

Selamectin (Revolution) or Moxidectin (Advantage Plus)

Prednisone for pruritis

Tx is difficult, may take 2 months

29
Q

What disease can be a sequela of pododermatitis in Guinea Pigs?

A

Osteomyelitis

30
Q

Urolithis in Guinea Pigs are most commonly what type of stone?

A

Calcium carbonate

31
Q

T/F: Mammary Gland Tumors are more common in Male Guinea Pigs than Females.

A

True

32
Q

We typically just remove mammary gland tumors when they present, as metastasis is uncommon and neutering these little guys is difficult. What are 2 types of mammary tumors we see?

A

Adenocarcinoma

Fibroadenoma

33
Q

T/F: Uroliths are very painful and most commonly found in the kidneys in Guinea Pigs

A

False

It is rare to find the in the kidneys

34
Q

How many x-ray views should you take, peroid?

A

At least 2.

Always. I don’t care what its for. Always at least one lateral and DV/VD. What if you had just done the lateral and missed that the two stones that were in the urethra of this guinea pig? Client would be pissed to pay for the surgery when you’re most likely just gonna Euthanize.

35
Q

Prognosis for this Guinea Pig?

A

Poor

Removing uroliths from these tiny ureters is extremely difficult, and there is usually hydronephrosis present.

More likley to euthanize than pay for expensive unilateral nephrouteroectomy.

36
Q

How do we attempt to treat urolithiasis in Guinea Pigs?

A

Low Ca Diet

Surgical Removal (25% more formation)

Stone Diets ineffective

37
Q

T/F: Cystic Ovaries have a 75% occurance rate in Guinea Pigs and are usually an incidentail finding if unfunctional.

A

True

38
Q

T/F: Cystic Ovaries commonly cause alopecia in guinea pigs and can cause uterine bleeding due to hormone production.

A

True

39
Q

What is the best way to diagnose cystic ovaries?

A

US or Surgical Biopsy

Can feel on palpation and sometimes see on RADs

40
Q

Which is the LEAST likely “therapy” we will implement in a Guinea Pig diagnosed with Cystic Ovaries?

Observation

Leuprolide

Cystorelin

Aspiration

Ovariohysterectomy

A

OHE

Difficult to spay/neuter Guinea Pigs

41
Q

Why should you NOT house Guinea Pigs with Rabbits?

A

Bordetella

Bordetella is a commensal organism in rabbit respiratory tracts and can be passed to guinea pigs

42
Q

Which antibiotics do we avoid in Rodents in general?

A

Penicillin

Cefalosporin

43
Q

Which antibiotics are OK to use in rodents in general?

A

Quinolones

Chloramphenicol

Metronidazole

Sulfa drugs

44
Q

What are the important mainstays of treating a sick guinea pig?

A

Abx for gut probs

Analgesics

Syringe feedings

Fluids

Vitamin C

RUSVM Spec Species (9 decks)

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