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RUSVM Spec Species > Pet Birds > Flashcards

Pet Birds Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: The only glands in bird skin are sebaceous glands.

A

False

The only gland in bird skin is the uropygial gland

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2
Q

T/F: Pulling out a feather without damaging the follicle leads to new growth

A

True

If the follicle is damaged, a new feather will not grow

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3
Q

What are some causes of poor feathering?

A

Trauma from enviornment

Cagemeate trauma

Growth interruption

Poor preening (maybe feeling sick so stoped preening)

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4
Q

When does the first molt occur in baby birds?

A

8-12 months after birth

Unpreened feathers, stress bars and trauma are common in juveile birds

Thus they will often have bad looking feather for the first year from accumulation of damage. We aren’t as concerned with birds under a year having scruffy looking feathers.

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5
Q

What indicator noted on feathers tells us there is an interruption in growth from a stressful event.

A

Stress bars

These are a normal finding in juvenile birds, not adults

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6
Q

How much of the birds day is spent preening in the wild?

A

~30% of the day

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7
Q

This is the process of a bird using thier beak to “zip” barbules together

A

Preening

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8
Q

About how long does it take for full growth of new feathers?

A

~3-5 weeks

(no research to back this up yet)

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9
Q

What is wrong with this birds head?

A

Retained feather sheaths

This bird is probably housed alone and thus lacks a friend to help remove the feather casings from it’s head.

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10
Q

Name 4 medical problems that can lead to poor feathering?

A

Nutritional Disorders/Poor Diet

Hypothyroid

Lice/Mites

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD Virus - Usually fatal)

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11
Q

Which birds tend to have poor integument due to their seed diets being deficient in beta carotene?

A

Budgies/Parakeets

Seeds lack Vitamin A, which is neccesary for healthy integument

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12
Q

A client brings in a Budgie whose beak and eye lids are looking rather porus and have some exudate leaking out.

What treatment do you recommend?

A

Ivermectin

Treat cagemate(s) as well, though contagious level is low

The budgie described likely has knemidocoptes - the scaley face and leg mite

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13
Q

Knemidocoptes tends to affect chickens’ ____ and Parakeets’ _____.

A

Knemidocoptes tends to affect chickens’ LEGS and Parakeets’ FACE.

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14
Q

What is typically a lifelong disease of captivity that we commonly note in birds?

A

Feather damaging behavior

Most birds just pull out feeathers, generally are not identifiably sick and rarely mutilate thier skin and muscle.

It is typically a multifactorial problem, possibly a coping mechanism, but we have no real answers or “cure”

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15
Q

What’s going on with this 5 year old dude?

A

He’s been feather plucking.

A bird this age should not have any down, and likewise we do not see down with a normal molt.

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16
Q

How is this lady feather plucking on her face?

A

She’s not. She has hypothyroid.

Always make sure a bird who is missing feathers doesn’t have a “disease”. Don’t assume it’s just bad behavior.

Also it’s kinda hard to pull feathers from your face without hads. Though they can be damaged from rubbing on the cage. So don’t jump to conlcusions.

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17
Q

Here is another presentation of hypothyroid. How do we diagnose this in birds?

A

Skin feather biopsy

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18
Q

How do we work up a plucking bird?

A

History

PE

Screening BW

Possible RADs

Fecal Test (parasites/giardia)

Skin Feather Biopsy

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19
Q

T/F: Ear infections are common in birds.

A

False

They are rare

20
Q

A client bring in a baby bird because they have noted “food” coming out of the chest onto the feathers. Diagnosis?

A

Crop Burn

The baby was fed formula that was too warm.

21
Q

When doing a PE on a bird, always check the axilary area.

A

They may have dermatitis or a laceration that hurts so they wont show off their wings to you on their own.

22
Q

Feather dystrophy in young birds is a sign that should clue you into looking for what disease?

A

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease

A viral disease that is usully fatal

23
Q

When taking a skin biopsy to help determine the reason for feather plucking, where do we want to take our biopsies?

A

Take a paired skin biopsy

One from an area with no plucking and one from an area with plucking.

Inflammation is common in an area with damage from feather plucking, it is important to see if there is inflammation in grossly normal looking areas.

24
Q

Why can we not do skin allergy testing in birds?

A

Birds lack histamine

25
Q

What are some therapy options for trying to stop feather destruction?

A

Adjust diet and environment

Behavior modification

medication (occasionaly)

Collar if severe or bleeding

26
Q

Self-Mutilation Syndrome is very difficul to diagnose. Name 3 birds it is seen in.

A

Cockatoos

Quakers

Eclectus

27
Q

Two therapy methods for mutilators are to give Gabapentin and Haloperidol. Which works faster?

A

Haloperidol is faster. It is an antipsychotic and the sleepy side effect stops after a short time.

Gabapentin (neurontin) takes a while to work. It treats neurogenic pain.

28
Q

What are some benefits of foraging?

A

Decreases stress-induced behaviors

Improves strength and foot health

Decreases obesity

Mental stimulation

Teaches independent play

29
Q

T/F: Imprinted birds that try to pair-bond with thier owner will typically exhibit territorial cage aggression and dominant aggression towards other humans.

A

True

30
Q

T/F: Over-bonding (stroking and cuddling) leads to chronic reproductive stimulation in parrots.

A

True

31
Q

What are some predisposing factors that lead to reproductive disorders in pet birds?

A

Long photoperiod (perpetual spring due to artifical lights)

Percieved nest area within their cage

High fat food in abundance

Pair-bond with human

32
Q

What diet can lead to hypocalcemia?

A

All seed diet

33
Q

What is the only reliable way to sex any kind of bird?

A

Blood or feather sexing test

34
Q

T/F: You can reliably sex a male cockatiel if he has bars on the tail feathers and polka dots on the wings.

A

False

This describes a FEMALE cockatiel

35
Q

T/F: Female cockatiels that are pearl colored will retain the color after the first molt, whereas males do not.

A

True

36
Q

Durring shelling, how often is the full amount of circulating calcium withdrawn by the uterus?

A

Every 15 minutes

37
Q

How long does it take to expel an egg once it is fully shelled?

A

Seconds

38
Q

Where does the egg spend the most time?

Hint, it is in the shell gland

A

The Uterus

39
Q

Place in order, the path an egg travels

Isthmus, Infundibulum, Ovary, Magnum, Cloaca, Vagina, Uterus

A

Ovary

Infundibulum

Magnum

Isthmus

Uterus

Vagina

Cloaca

40
Q

T/F: Egg binding is frequent in small birds and is associated with over-laying and high dietary calcium.

A

False

Egg binding is frequent in small birds and is associated with over-laying and LOW dietary calcium (seeds).

41
Q

How do we diagnose egg binding?

A

History, GENTLE Palpation, RADs, US

42
Q

Which modaltiy is better for diagnosing egg binding?

RADs or US?

A

US

Unshelled eggs dont show up on RADs. And we can also more easily diagnose an ovarian tumor that we mistook for an egg with an US.

43
Q

How do we medically treat egg binding?

A

Calcium

Fluids

Heat

Dextrose

Pain Meds

If not passed within 12-24 hours on own, then surgery or sedated extration

44
Q

What drug can we give to prevent more egg laying and treat testicular masses, ovarian cysts and tumors in birds?

How long does it take to work?

How long does it last?

A

Give Leuprolide (Lupron)

Takes 4-5 days before it starts working

Lasts 2.5-3 weeks in pet birds

It is also used to treat Ferret Adrenal Dz

45
Q

What is Ovocentesis?

A

Removing the insides (liquid) of an egg with a sryinge before trying to extract it.

Makes it easier to compress the shell for removal.

46
Q

Testicular hyerplasia is a normal seasonal change in some species. However, over-stimulation from over bonding with humans can make Testicular hyperplasia a problem. What are some signs of this problem?

A

Pain

Lameness

Leg chewing

RUSVM Spec Species (9 decks)

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