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Trakesha's 3rd Quarter > RA Final > Flashcards

RA Final Flashcards

1
Q

The physical appearance of one’s face is affected in part by what are known as facial markings. These include the _______, ________, and _________ that help give each of us an individuals.

A

wrinkles, depressions, and projections

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2
Q

The character lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords of the neck and dimples of the face.

A

facial markings

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3
Q

facial markings are caused by

A

muscles

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4
Q

Factors responsible for facial markings.

A 
A.	Age & Heredity
B.	Environment
C.	Muscle Striation & Action
D.	Position of the body
E.	Condition of the body
		1.	Rapid loss of weight 
		2.	Pathological condition
		3.	Corpulence (weight gain)
		4.	Trauma
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5
Q

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS

genetically predisposed to them, genetic make-up from our parents

A

heredity

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6
Q

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
the number of facial markings we have increase with age: loss of muscle mass, stretching of the skin, and how our skin was cared for throughout our life

A

age

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7
Q

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
what effects most people is exposure to the sun. Excessive amounts of sun throughout the life will tend to have a darker complexion with more line and firmer, less soft skin texture.

A

environment

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8
Q

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS

The more a muscle is worked, the firmer it becomes. Reverse is also true if muscles are not worked.

A

Muscle striation

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9
Q

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS

If we are lying on our backs in a supine position, the sag will be posterior and later.

A

Position of the body

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10
Q

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
The state that the deceased is in when the embalmer receives it can affect the facial markings. A body that has been disfigured due to an accident or disease may have markings that have been partially or completely altered and need to be reproduced through restorative procedures. Folding of excess tissue can give the appearance of someone looking older

A

Condition of the body

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11
Q

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS

A disease can change the appearance of facial markings.

A

Pathological condition

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12
Q

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACIAL MARKINGS
excess moisture can make the face appear unrecognizable. Removes or lessens the effect of wrinkles and facial marking. Opposite effect of weight loss.

A

Corpulence

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13
Q

those markings present at birth

A

Natural facial markings

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14
Q

those markings developed throughout a lifetime; as you age

A

Acquired facial marking

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15
Q

neither natural nor acquired facial markings which occur on both sides of the face are truly symmetrical

A

Asymmetry of facial markings

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16
Q

The termination of all facial markings is

A

indefinite

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17
Q

a natural facial marking; vertical groove located medially on the superior integumentary lip, extends from the columna nasi and the margin of the red lip (superior mucus membrane). The lateral margins are slightly raised. They form an irregular parenthetical curve; meaning it is shaped like a parenthesis (). The greatest depth of the philtrum corresponds to its widest part. The philtrum can become obscured in very old age

A

Philtrum

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18
Q

a natural facial marking;goes from the nose the lips to the corner of mouth. The eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth, extending from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth. Its elevation will vary according to the amount of tissue

A

Nasolabial fold

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19
Q

Linear outline of the nasolabial fold

A

Curved- gentle curve,
Straight- less curvature
Sinuous (backward S)

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20
Q

adjust color rather than say use of make-up, no written permission required. Minimum effort, skill, and time to complete

A

minor restoration

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21
Q

written permission required for restorative procedure. Long period of time, are extensive, required advance technical skill, time to complete

A

major restoration

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22
Q

the care of the deceased to recreate a natural form and color

A

restorative art

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23
Q

external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elements

A

form

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24
Q

a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity and vibration of light

A

color

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25
Q

defined as the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features.

A

Physiognomy

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26
Q

Incentives for achieving proficiency in restorative art

A

Psychological effect on immediate family and friends.Professional responsibility

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27
Q

the most common characteristic of each feature

A

Norm

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28
Q

before or in front of; refers to the ventral or abdominal side of the body

A

anterior

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29
Q

toward the rear or caudal end, toward the back; dorsal

A

Posterior

dorsal

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30
Q

toward the head

A

Superior

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31
Q

beneath; lower; toward the feet

A

Inferior

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32
Q

middle; near the middle plane

A

Medial

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33
Q

toward the side

A

Lateral

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34
Q

refers to two sides (of face or feature).

A

Bilateral

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35
Q

a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings

A

Projection

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36
Q

the withdrawal of a part from its normal position

A

Recession

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37
Q

having a spiracle depressed or hollow surface (bowed in). glossary definition: exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity

A

Concave

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38
Q

curved evenly resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere (Bowed-out).

A

Convex

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39
Q

a line which is neither horizontal nor vertical

A

Inclination

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40
Q

Reason for seeking permission before undertaking a restoration

A

consumer’s right to informed consent.

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41
Q

Is a vertical plane which divides the head into left and right sides; a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions.

A

Median plane
(sagittal)
if the division is into two equal halves, then it would be median or mid-sagittal plane

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42
Q

Cut across the median plane right angle; divides the body into superior and inferior sections

A

Horizontal plane

transvere

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43
Q

Is slanted (inclined) it is neither vertical nor horizontal

A

Oblique

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44
Q

a surface exhibiting a minimum curvature, but differing in direction from the adjacent surface

A

Surface

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45
Q

Correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face (ears, eyes).

A

Symmetry

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46
Q

Refers to the difference of paired features; the two sides of a feature or both “halves” of the face. (Difference between the two ears). Glossary definition: lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion

A

Asymmetry

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47
Q

A funeral director, during the arrangement conference, has two opportunities to encourage a family to hold a viewing with an open casket:

A
  1. The first involves the funeral director discussing the help that viewing provides the bereaved in facing the reality of death.2. The second arises when discussing the appearance of the body and the technical skill and care that the professional staff will provide to ensure a natural and pleasing appearance.
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48
Q

The basic form of the nose is

A

pyramid shaped

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49
Q

The basic form of an ear is

A

wedge shaped

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50
Q

The face has how many bones?

A

14

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51
Q

Muscle that raises the eyebrows.

A

Occipitofrontalis (epicranius).

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52
Q

Muscle the allows us to chew.

A

Temporalis

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53
Q

Muscle that closes the mandible. Aids in chewing.

A

Masseter

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54
Q

Musle that closes the eyelid and compresses the lacrimal sac.

A

Orbicularis oculi.

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55
Q

Muscle that draws the eyebrows inferiorly…frowning.

A

Corrugator

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56
Q

Muscle that raises the upper eyelid.

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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57
Q

Muscle that draws the skin of the forehead inferiorly; wrinkles the forehead.

A

Procerus

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58
Q

Muscle that closes the lips. Puckering muscle.

A

Orbicularis oris

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59
Q

Muscle that raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils (common elevator)

A

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.

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60
Q

Muscle that elevates and extends the upper lip.

A

Levator labii superioris.

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61
Q

Muscle that draws the lip superiorly and laterally.

A

Zygomaticus minor.

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62
Q

Muscle that makes us smile or laugh.

A

Zygomaticus major (laughing muscle).

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63
Q

Muscle used in blowing a trumpet.

A

Buccinator

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64
Q

Muscle that draws the corners of the mouth posteriorly.

A

Risorius

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65
Q

Muscle that depresses the angle of the mouth

A

Depressor anguli oris.

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66
Q

Muscle that depresses the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally.

A

Depressor labii inferioris (Quadratus).

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67
Q

Muscle that elevates and protrudes the lower lip. Also wrinkles skin over the chin.

A

Mentalis.

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68
Q

Muscle that wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest. “Pouting” muscle.

A

Platysma

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69
Q

Muscle that rotates and depresses the head.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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70
Q

Muscle that draws the hyoid bone superiorly.

A

Digastricus

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71
Q

Wrinkles, depressions and projections are known as what?

A

Facial markings.

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72
Q

Six things that are responsible for facial markings…

A

Heredity, age, environment, muscle striation and action, position of the body and condition of the body.

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73
Q

Crevice in the skin bordered by adjacent elevations.

A

Furrow/Sulcus/Wrinkle.

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74
Q

An elongated depression on a relatively level plane or surface.

A

Groove

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75
Q

An elongated prominence adjoining a surface.

A

Fold

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76
Q

The fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose located between the nostrils. The most inferior part of the nose.

A

Columna nasi

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77
Q

the horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw.

A

Mandible

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78
Q

Small oval depression on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates. anterior to external auditory meatus Forms TMJ.

A

Mandibular fossa

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79
Q

jaw protrusion of the inferior jaw.

A

Mandibular prognathism

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80
Q

The furrow beneath the jawline, which rises vertically on the cheek; an acquired facial feature.

A

Mandibular sulcus

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81
Q

muscle of mastication which close the mandible.

A

Masseter

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82
Q

the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear.

A

Mastoid process

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83
Q

a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible.

A

Mental eminence

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84
Q

the muscle which elevates and protrudes the lower lip, wrinkles the skin over the chin.

A

Mentalis

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85
Q

directly inferior to the glabella and form a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.

A

Nasal bones

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86
Q

the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla.

A

Nasal cavity

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87
Q

the sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.

A

Nasal spine of the maxilla

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88
Q

The angular area between the posterior margins of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold; a natural facial marking.

A

Nasal sulcus

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89
Q

the furrow lying medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold; an acquired facial marking.

A

Nasolabial sulcus

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90
Q

the concavity superior and medial to the inner corner of the eye.

A

Naso-orbital fossa

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91
Q

those that are present at birth, hereditary.

A

Natural facial markings

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92
Q

crows feet; the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye; acquired facial markings.

A

Optic facial sulci

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93
Q

the muscle that closes the eyelids; compresses the lacrimal sacs.

A

Orbicularis oculi

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94
Q

the muscle that closes and puckers the lips.

A

Orbicularis oris

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95
Q

the bony region containing the eyeball; the orbital cavity

A

Orbital cavity

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96
Q

singular: palpebra; , two movable flaps of skin which cover and uncover each eyeball

A

Palpebrae

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97
Q

the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking.

A

Philtrum

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98
Q

notched on the edge like a saw.

A

Serrated

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99
Q

a muscle of the neck that is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and by separate heads to the sternum and clavicle; marks the widest part of the neck.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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100
Q

describing those portions which lie immediately inferior to the mandible.

A

Submandibular

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101
Q

the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows.

A

Superciliary arches

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102
Q

the furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid; an acquired facial marking.

A

Superior palpebral sulcus

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103
Q

region between the supercilium and the superior palpebrae.

A

Supraorbital area

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104
Q

the superior rim of the eye sockets.

A

Supraorbital margins

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105
Q

furrows which cross the forehead; acquired facial markings.

A

Transverse frontal sulci

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106
Q

Processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face.

A

Zygomatic arch

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107
Q

the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone.

A

Zygomaticofrontal process

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108
Q

Muscle of the face which draws the superior lip posteriorly and superiorly.

A

Zygomaticus major

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109
Q

Muscle of the face which draw the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly.

A

Zygomaticus minor

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110
Q

External Facial Bones

A

Nasal Bones (2)Zygomatic Bones (2)Maxilla (2)Mandible

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111
Q

Lies directly inferior to the glabellaForms a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity

A

nasal bones

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112
Q

The orifice bounded by the nasal bones and maxilla

A

nasal cavity

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113
Q

Diamond shaped bones that form the cheekbones. They are located on the frontal and lateral planes of the face. The bones form part of the inferior and lateral surfaces of the orbital cavity; has a convex surface (because it moves in the anterior & posterior direction.)

A

Zygomatic Bones (2)

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114
Q

what type of surface are the zygomatic bones? Why?

A

• Convex surface- moves anterior and posterior in direction• Give us the widest part of the Face

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115
Q

the zygmatic bone articulates with what?

A

Temporal process of the zygomatic. When the arch is completely fused, it has three parts from anterior to posterior. 1. Zygomatic bone2. Temporal process of zygomatic3. Zygomatic process of temporal, which completes the arch attaching it to the temporal bone. The arch points the way to the ear and cuts its length in half.

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116
Q

just underneath the zygomatic arch; lateral to the portion of the cheek; not as prominent as the temple area

A

zygomatic arch depression

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117
Q

where frontal bone and zygomatic bones join

A

zygomaticofrontalis process

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118
Q

Anatomical features and RA significancezygomatic bone

A

The widest part of the anterior plane of the face is measured by straight line from the midpoint of one zygomatic bone to the midpoint of the opposite zygomatic bone. Acts as an area for rouge cosmetics. (Give us the widest part of the Face)Zygomatic Arch- Process on the temporal & zygomatic bonesZygomatic Arch Depression- Depression just inferior to the Zygomatic Arch; it is lateral to the portion of the cheek; but it is not as prominent as temple areaZygomaticofrontal Process- made up of the Zygomatic Bone & Frontal Bone; the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone.

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119
Q

bones of the upper jaw; Paired bone• Forms skeletal bone of the superior base of most of the roof of the mouth sides of the nasal cavity and floor of the orbit (upper jaw bone)

A

Maxilla

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120
Q

maxilla Articulates with

A

Each other at the midline, forming Nasal Spine of the Maxilla•

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121
Q

The slip of skin that covers the nasal spine; medial partition between anterior nares;Most inferior portion of the noseTHIS IS NOT THE SEPTUM

A

Columna Nasi

122
Q

Sharp boney projection located medially along the inferior portion of the nasal cavity

A

Nasal Spine of the Maxilla

123
Q

• Forms the inferior jaw- horseshoe shaped

A

Mandible p. 23

124
Q

Parts of the Mandible

A

BodyRamus

125
Q

triangular projection inferior portion of the anterior mandible; creates the anterior projection of the c

A

mental eminence of the body of the mandible

126
Q

the area in between mental eminence and incisor teeth;

A

Incisive Fossa

127
Q

tooth sockets; boney ridge

A

Alveolar Processes

128
Q

DEFINE INCISIVE TEETH (GLOSSARY)

A
129
Q

vertical portion of the mandible

A

ramus

130
Q

rounded eminence at the rounded end of a particular bone; on the posterior portion of the ramus; articulates in the mandibular fossa

A

Condyle

131
Q

non articulating end of the ramus; provides for attachment (ex. When chewing) temporal muscle attaches here.

A

Coronoid process

132
Q

the depression that is located between the condyle and the coronoid process

A

Mandibular Notch

133
Q

Marks the widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face

A

Angle of the Mandible

134
Q

the point of muscle attachment, which moves the least; beginning of muscle contraction

A

Origin

135
Q

the point of muscle attachment, which moves the most

A

Insertion

136
Q

muscle of the cranium; also called the “epicranius”Muscle that draws the scalp inferiorly & posteriorly to raise the eyebrows, thin sheet; this broad muscle covers the top of the skull.

A

Occipitofrontalis Muscle (1)

137
Q

two parts of the occipitofrontalis muscle

A

frontal belly (frontalis)occipital belly (occipitalis)

138
Q

Effects on surface formoccipitofrontalis muscle

A

When contracted, this muscle raises the eyebrowsContinual contraction forms: TRANSVERSE FRONTAL SULCITRANSVERSE FRONTAL SULCI- furrows which cross the forehead; acquired facial markings

139
Q

wrinkle or line

A

sulci

140
Q

Anatomical features and RA significancemaxilla

A

Processes of the maxillaEminences/processesAlveolar process Palatine Process - Dental prognathism “buck teeth”-

141
Q

Anatomical features and RA significancemaxillaFrontal process of the maxilla - the ascending part of the upper jaw, which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone.

A

Processes of the maxillaEminences/processes-

142
Q

Anatomical features and RA significancemaxillaa bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.

A

Alveolar process

143
Q

Anatomical features and RA significancemaxillaforms anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth. Part of the nasal cavity and part of the orbital cavity

A

Palatine Process

144
Q

Anatomical features and RA significancemaxillaoblique insertion of the teeth; can occur in the maxilla. The point where the two maxilla meet form a sharp bony process known as the nasal spine. The nasal spine creates the inferior border of the nasal skeleton.

A

Dental prognathism “buck teeth”-

145
Q

Natural facial markings
the angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold. It form angle, almost like a triangle.

A

nasal sulcus

146
Q

Natural facial markings

the shallow curving groove located below the medial (inner) corner of the eyelids, moving laterally downward

A

Oblique palpebral sulcus

147
Q

Natural facial markings
the small convex prominence lateral to the end of the line of lip closure of the mouth; hard to see because it does not have any definite borders; essential to facial expression
(slightly above the corner of the mouth)

A

Angulus oris eminence

148
Q

Natural facial markings
the groove at each end of the line of mouth closure. Helps to define the width of the mouth, varies in depth and sizedue to the influence from the angulus oris eminence. In youth, it tends to be triangular (corner of the mouth)

A

Angulus oris sulcus

149
Q

Natural facial markings
the junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin (top of the chin) which may appear as a furrow. The highest point is along the midline. Can be considered subtle.

A

Labiomental sulcus

150
Q

the elevation of the angulus oris eminence is formed by the combined insertions of the

A

zygomatic muscles
buccinator muscle
triangularis muscle

151
Q

Natural facial markings
the junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrows (found only below the jawline).
Helps to create the double chin. Most noticeable from the profile view.

A

Submental sulcus

submental furrow

152
Q

Natural facial markings
shallow depression located on the cheek or the chin, in a rounded or vertical form. Almost always occur on transverse plane with the line of closure; close to mouth, but can be further back toward cheek area. An elongated dimple is always on median line and called a cleft chin, always more prominent than cheek dimple

A

dimples

153
Q

insert definition for bilobated chin

A

bilobated chin

154
Q

Acquired facial marking
furrow medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold. Originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the sides of the mouth

A

Nasolabial sulcus

155
Q

Acquired facial marking
the horizontal furrows of the forehead. They vary in depth, curvature, and inclination
Can be continuous or interrupted
Greatest depth is toward the lateral end.

A

Transverse frontal sulci

156
Q

Acquired facial marking

vertical or transverse in form; these are the furrows between the eyebrows.

A

Interciliary sulci

157
Q

Acquired facial marking
crow’s feet - the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye.
Usually the first acquired facial marking to appear

A

Optic facial sulci

158
Q

Acquired facial marking
the furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid. Defines upper border of the eyelid. Its appearance is noticeable when there is an absence of fatty tissue that region or where the tissues are firm

A

Superior palpebral sulcus

159
Q

Acquired facial marking

the furrow of the inferior border of the lower eyelid. Not always present

A

Inferior palpebral sulcus

160
Q

Acquired facial marking
the vertical furrow of the cheek. Not to be confused with nasolabial fold. (bucco- cheek)
Can have different locations; short vertical furrow and develop upward and downward; as it moves down it can join into the mandibular sulcus

A

Bucco - facial sulcus

161
Q

Acquired facial marking

The furrow beneath the jawline which rises vertically on the cheek.

A

Mandibular sulcus

162
Q

the nasolabial sulcus is caused by the continual contraction of the multiheaded muscles known as

A

Quadratus Labii Superioris Muscle

163
Q

most common form of transverse frontal sulci

A

dip at central plane

164
Q

transverse frontal sulci is cause by the continual contraction of this muscle

A

occipitofrontalis muscle

165
Q

vertical interciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of this muscle

A

corrugator muscle

166
Q

transverse interciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of this muscle

A

procerus muscle

167
Q

optic facial sulci is caused by the continual contraction of this muscle

A

orbicularis oculi muscle

168
Q

“bags” under the eyes; the fullness you find between the oblique palpebral sulcus and the inferior palpebral sulcus

A

Infraoribital pouch (orbital pouch)

169
Q

Acquired facial marking
The transverse dipping furrow of the neck. Run across front and sides of the neck. Don’t confuse with the cords of the neck

A

Platysmal sulci

170
Q

Acquired facial marking

The vertical prominences (eminences) of the neck

A

Cords of the neck

171
Q

Acquired facial marking
The vertical furrows of the lips, extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips. Extend from red lip; generally occur first in the upper lip; when the lips begin to atrophy, this is when you begin to see these.
Also known as the furrows of age

A

Labial sulci

172
Q

multiple forms of madibular sulci

A

serrrated jawline

173
Q

geometric shape of skull

A

oval

174
Q

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

A

foramen magnum

175
Q

topmost part of the head

A

crown vertex

176
Q

small oval**depression on zygomatic process of temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates, just anterior to the external auditory meatus(forms TMJ)

A

mandibular fossa

177
Q

the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone.

A

occipital protuberance

178
Q

lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain.

A

occipital bone

179
Q

2 bones that form the roof & part of the sides of the skull,widest part of cranium

A

parietal bone

180
Q

anatomical structures for locating the modeled ear

A

temporal bone

181
Q

the vertical surface of the temporal bone.

A

squama

182
Q

bones of cheek

A

zygomatic bones

183
Q

2,process on temporal & zygo bones, determines widest part of face

A

zygomatic arch

184
Q

one of the lesser concavities of the face, on lateral portion of cheek inferior to zygo arch

A

zygomatic arch depression

185
Q

opening or passageway of ear, inferior to glabella,triangular in form

A

external auditory meatus

186
Q

rounded prominence at the end of the bone forming an articulation, the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible

A

condoyle

187
Q

ascending part of upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone, ascending process of upper jaw

A

frontal process of maxilla

188
Q

single bony prominence, root of the nose

A

glabella

189
Q

4 teeth located anteriorly from midline on each jaw, used for cutting

A

incisor teeth

190
Q

inferior border of mandible

A

jawline

191
Q

a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible

A

mental eminence

192
Q

2, paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of the most superior face, roof of mouth, sides of nasal cavity, & floor of orbit

A

maxilla

193
Q

anterior third of the cranium, forms forehead& the anterior portion of roof of skull

A

frontal bone

194
Q

paired, rounded, unmargined prominences found 1 inch beneath normal hairline

A

frontal eminences

195
Q

depression between the mental eminence & the inferior incisor teeth

A

incisive fossa

196
Q

Care of the deceased to recreate nature form and color is known as…

A

Restorative Art

197
Q

Study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features…

A

Physiognomy

198
Q

Another word for shape…

A

Morphology.

199
Q

The cranium has how many bones?

A

Eight. Occipital, parietal (2), temporal(2), frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid.

200
Q

Muscle that raises the eyebrows.

A

Occipitofrontalis (epicranius).

201
Q

Muscle the allows us to chew.

A

Temporalis.

202
Q

Muscle that closes the mandible. Aids in chewing.

A

Masseter.

203
Q

Musle that closes the eyelid and compresses the lacrimal sac.

A

Orbicularis oculi.

204
Q

Muscle that draws the eyebrows inferiorly…frowning.

A

Corrugator.

205
Q

Muscle that raises the upper eyelid.

A

Levator palpebrae superioris.

206
Q

Muscle that draws the skin of the forehead inferiorly; wrinkles the forehead.

A

Procerus.

207
Q

Muscle that closes the lips. Puckering muscle.

A

Orbicularis oris.

208
Q

Muscle that raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils (common elevator)

A

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.

209
Q

Muscle that elevates and extends the upper lip.

A

Levator labii superioris.

210
Q

Muscle that elevates the angle of the mouth.

A

Levator anguli oris.

211
Q

Muscle that draws the lip superiorly and laterally.

A

Zygomaticus minor.

212
Q

Muscle that makes us smile or laugh.

A

Zygomaticus major (laughing muscle).

213
Q

Muscle used in blowing a trumpet.

A

Buccinator.

214
Q

Muscle that draws the corners of the mouth posteriorly.

A

Risorius.

215
Q

Muscle that depresses the angle of the mouth

A

Depressor anguli oris.

216
Q

Muscle that depresses the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally.

A

Depressor labii inferioris (Quadratus).

217
Q

Muscle that elevates and protrudes the lower lip. Also wrinkles skin over the chin.

A

Mentalis.

218
Q

Muscle that wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest. “Pouting” muscle.

A

Platysma.

219
Q

Muscle that rotates and depresses the head.

A

Sternocleidomastoid.

220
Q

Muscle that draws the hyoid bone superiorly.

A

Digastric.

221
Q

Crevice in the skin bordered by adjacent elevations.

A

Furrow/Sulcus/Wrinkle.

222
Q

An elongated depression on a relatively level plane or surface.

A

Groove.

223
Q

An elongated prominence adjoining a surface.

A

Fold.

224
Q

The most common profile is what?

A

Convex.

225
Q

Removing dirt and stains, setting features, temporary sutures and shaving are done before, during or after embalming?

A

All before (pre-embalming).

226
Q

Application of pressure to an area to prevent swelling and bleaching a discolored area are done before, during or after embalming?

A

During.

227
Q

Excising tumors, reducing swelling, tissue building, drying/suturing excisions, wax application, cosmetics and hairstyling are done before, during or after embalming?

A

After.

228
Q

Scabs should be removed before, during or after embalming?

A

After.

229
Q

Generally, tumors are excised before, during or after embalming?

A

After.

230
Q

In the case of an amputated limb, the limb should be attached to the body or embalmed separately?

A

Separately.

231
Q

True or false? A good job of internal coloring/ embalming will lessen the need for external coloring/embalming.

A

True.

232
Q

Fleshy termination of the nasal septum at base of nose bordered by the nasal sulcus and the anterior nares

A

COLUMNA Nasi

233
Q

-External nostril openings located in posterior two-thirds base of the nose

A

Nares

234
Q
  • The sharp bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.
  • Indicates the bony length of nose
A

Nasal Spine of the Maxilla

235
Q

-The paired nasal bones are inferior to glabella, forming a dome over the superior portion of nasal cavity

A

Nasal Bones

236
Q

to bluntly adjoin another structure; for example, the line of eye closure

A

abut

237
Q

a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the Maxilla and the superior surface of the Mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth

A

alveolar process

238
Q

descriptive references for locating anatomical structures by means of the anatomical structures which are known

A

anatomical guides

239
Q

the body is erect facing the observer, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from the body

A

anatomical position

240
Q

a sharp turn formed by the meeting of two borders or surfaces; angulus

A

a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible; marks the widest part of lower 1/3 of the face

241
Q

the degree from the vertical at which the surface(s) of a prominent feature projects

A

angle of projection

242
Q

the small convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking

A

angulus oris eminence

243
Q

the groove found at each end of the line of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking

A

angulus oris sulcus

244
Q

before or in front of; an anatomical term for the position and direction which denotes the front or forward part

A

anterior

245
Q

a structure which exhibits a curved or bow-like outline

A

arch

246
Q

lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion

A

asymmetry

247
Q

(cross stitch) a network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position

A

basket weave

248
Q

two sides

A

bilateral

249
Q

dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object

A

bilateral differences

250
Q

the horizontal portion of the lower jaw

A

body of the mandible

251
Q

the space between the lips and the gums and teeth; the vestibule of the oral cavity

A

buccal cavity

252
Q

natural, shallow concavities of the cheeks which extend obliquely downward from the medial or lateral margins of the cheekbones

A

buccal depressions

253
Q

a hollow place or area

A

cavity

254
Q

a rounded prominence at the end of a bone forming an articulation; the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible

A

condyle

255
Q

exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface

A

concave

CAVE- hollow

256
Q

curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere

A

convex

257
Q

having an abnormal amount of fat on the body

A

corpulence

258
Q

separation of the head from the body

A

decapitation

259
Q

to lower inferiorly or to reduce projection

A

depress

260
Q

excessive leanness; a wasted condition resulting in sunken surface of the face

A

emaciation

261
Q

the silhouettes of the face from the side view

A

facial profiles

262
Q

external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elements

A

form

263
Q

the depression between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth

A

incisive fossa

264
Q

the four teeth located anteriorly from the midline on each jaw; used for cutting

A

incisor teeth

265
Q

a part or projection, more or less rounded; e.g. the inferior part of the ear or the projection of the nose overlying the lower lateral cartilages

A

lobe

266
Q

the boundaries or edges

A

margins

267
Q

nearer to the midline; opposite of lateral direction

A

medial

268
Q

the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average

A

norm

269
Q

the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking

A

philtrum

270
Q

thin layer of muscle covering anterior aspect of the neck

A

platysma

271
Q

the transverse, dipping furrow of the neck; an acquired facial marking

A

platysma sulci

272
Q

vertical cartilage dividing nasal cavity into two chambers, responsible for asymmetry of the nose

A

septum

273
Q

in reference to a photograph, a view which reveals the fullness of the cheeks

A

three quarter view

274
Q

plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

A

frontal plane

coronal plane

275
Q

a hollow or concave region

A

depression

276
Q

the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting

A

protrusion

277
Q

the skull, which functions as the skeleton of the head, is composed of two sections, what are they

A

cranium

face

278
Q

the cranium consists of how many bones

A

8

279
Q

the purposes of the skull are

A

protect the brain
support the jaws
serve as an attachment for muscles
give form to head

280
Q

bones of the cranium

A 
OF PEST
occipital (1)
frontal (1)
parietal (2)
ethmoid (1)
sphenoid (1)
temporal (2)
281
Q

the frontal bone articulates with

A

parietal bones at the coronal structure

282
Q

occipital bone articulates with

A

parietal bone at lambdoidal suture and the temporal bone at the squamosal suture

283
Q

refers to the rays of light reflected from the surface

A

color

284
Q

Incentives for achieving proficiency in restorative art.

A

a. Psychological effect on immediate family and friends.

b. Professional responsibility

285
Q

unless at least ____ of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted
Why???

A

two-thirds

may resemble a “wax replica”

286
Q

Is restorative art internal or external?

A

both

287
Q

Pre-embalming treatments

A
  1. Setting features- do not breeze through this because you want to get to the embalming. Take your time to set the features. Pay attention to the intimate details (eyelashes, eyes abut, etc.)
  2. Suturing clean cuts, skin flaps, positioning skin, muscle, features, etc.
  3. Resetting fractures
  4. Puncture blisters
  5. Support surface tissues
  6. Minor buck teeth issues (i.e., Dental Prognathism)
288
Q

During embalming (Concurrent) treatments

A
  1. Internal (active) dye
  2. Maintaining feature corrections/alignment
  3. Limit swelling (i.e., massaging to help penetrate the fluid deeper into the tissues and to prevent any swelling that may occur.) Use restricted cervical technique to prevent swelling, use cold cotton packs on eyes to help distribute fluid elsewhere, instead of the eyes. Always be continually cognitive of what is going on during the process.
289
Q

Post-embalming Treatments

A
  1. Remove scabs
  2. Excise diseased or mutilated tissues
  3. Suture incisions/lacerations
  4. Reduce swellings
    - assist the swelling by using gravity, cold compress, ace bandage,
    - making small incision where swelling is present; this is called channeling,
    - using an electric spatula(an electrically- heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form); this delivers heat to the area to induce swelling, be sure to use large amounts of massage cream to protect the skin
  5. Deep wound preparation and waxing
    - when preparing a wound for wax, it should have two essential elements; must be firm and dry
    - You want the surrounding structure to be firm and stable to allow for wax
    - Needs to be dry because one of the components of wax is petroleum. The petroleum allows the wax to have form and elasticity. Petroleum is oil (oil and water do not mix)
  6. Masking discolorations
  7. External coloring and cosmetics
  8. Correct buck-teeth
  9. Attached dismembered part (always after embalming)
  10. Hair replacement
290
Q

The following should be done only AFTER embalming

A

a. Waxing
b. Tissue building
c. Bleaching a stain

291
Q

First people to practice any type of RA

A

Egyptians

292
Q

Early Attempts (and problems) with RA

A

Plastic surgery- skin transplant
Plaster of Paris (see glossary) - draws moisture from surrounding tissues
Clay & Putty- too dark and oily. Difficult to hide with cosmetics
Soap
Waxes (see glossary) - finally manufacturers produced a practical substance. Influence of mortuary science schools (1920s)

293
Q

slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular

A

Oblique

294
Q

Major restoration types

A
  1. Full head of hair
  2. Deep wound preparation and care of deep lacerations
  3. Repair or reconstruction of multiple fractures
  4. Buck-teeth (dental prognathism)
  5. 3rd degree burns
295
Q

Minor restorative types

A
  1. Tissue building (filler)
  2. Waxing (lips, razor burn, sutures, etc.
  3. Bleaching/concealing discolorations
  4. Removal of fever blisters
  5. Minor hair replacement (eyebrow, eyelash, etc.)
  6. Reducing swelling (non-surgical)
296
Q

Theses distinguishing characteristics should not be altered or concealed:

A
  1. Moles
  2. Warts
  3. Scars
  4. Birthmarks
297
Q

anterior third of the cranium

A

Frontal bone

298
Q

rounded prominence on either side of the medial line (characteristics)

a. They vary in prominence from person to person
b. Maybe in distinct (unrecognizable to the untrained eye.)
c. Asymmetry
d. Can appear continuous

A

Frontal eminence (2)

299
Q

superior rim of the eye socket; only rim of the eye socket

a. Lies inferior to superciliary arch
b. On some individuals, will be quite prominent (ex. Tommy Lee Jones)

A

Supraorbital margin (2)

300
Q

located in the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrow

A

Superciliary arch (2)

Trakesha's 3rd Quarter (14 decks)

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