RA 1 Exam 2 Flashcards
The face has how many bones?
14
Muscle that raises the eyebrows.
Occipitofrontalis (epicranius).
Muscle the allows us to chew.
Temporalis
Muscle that closes the mandible. Aids in chewing.
Masseter
Musle that closes the eyelid and compresses the lacrimal sac.
Orbicularis oculi.
Muscle that draws the eyebrows inferiorly…frowning.
Corrugator
Muscle that raises the upper eyelid.
Levator palpebrae superioris
Muscle that draws the skin of the forehead inferiorly; wrinkles the forehead.
Procerus
Muscle that closes the lips. Puckering muscle.
Orbicularis oris
Muscle that raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils (common elevator)
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.
Muscle that elevates and extends the upper lip.
Levator labii superioris.
Muscle that draws the lip superiorly and laterally.
Zygomaticus minor.
Muscle that makes us smile or laugh.
Zygomaticus major (laughing muscle).
Muscle used in blowing a trumpet.
Buccinator
Muscle that draws the corners of the mouth posteriorly.
Risorius
Muscle that depresses the angle of the mouth
Depressor anguli oris.
Muscle that depresses the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally.
Depressor labii inferioris (Quadratus).
Muscle that elevates and protrudes the lower lip. Also wrinkles skin over the chin.
Mentalis.
Muscle that wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest. “Pouting” muscle.
Platysma
Muscle that rotates and depresses the head.
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle that draws the hyoid bone superiorly.
Digastricus
Wrinkles, depressions and projections are known as what?
Facial markings.
Six things that are responsible for facial markings…
Heredity, age, environment, muscle striation and action, position of the body and condition of the body.
Crevice in the skin bordered by adjacent elevations.
Furrow/Sulcus/Wrinkle.
An elongated depression on a relatively level plane or surface.
Groove
An elongated prominence adjoining a surface.
Fold
The fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose located between the nostrils. The most inferior part of the nose.
Columna nasi
the horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw.
Mandible
Small oval depression on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates. anterior to external auditory meatus Forms TMJ.
Mandibular fossa
jaw protrusion of the inferior jaw.
Mandibular prognathism
The furrow beneath the jawline, which rises vertically on the cheek; an acquired facial feature.
Mandibular sulcus
muscle of mastication which close the mandible.
Masseter
the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear.
Mastoid process
a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible.
Mental eminence
the muscle which elevates and protrudes the lower lip, wrinkles the skin over the chin.
Mentalis
directly inferior to the glabella and form a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.
Nasal bones
the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla.
Nasal cavity
the sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.
Nasal spine of the maxilla
The angular area between the posterior margins of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold; a natural facial marking.
Nasal sulcus
the furrow lying medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold; an acquired facial marking.
Nasolabial sulcus
the concavity superior and medial to the inner corner of the eye.
Naso-orbital fossa
those that are present at birth, hereditary.
Natural facial markings
crows feet; the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye; acquired facial markings.
Optic facial sulci
the muscle that closes the eyelids; compresses the lacrimal sacs.
Orbicularis oculi
the muscle that closes and puckers the lips.
Orbicularis oris
the bony region containing the eyeball; the orbital cavity
Orbital cavity
singular: palpebra; , two movable flaps of skin which cover and uncover each eyeball
Palpebrae
the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking.
Philtrum
notched on the edge like a saw.
Serrated
a muscle of the neck that is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and by separate heads to the sternum and clavicle; marks the widest part of the neck.
Sternocleidomastoid
describing those portions which lie immediately inferior to the mandible.
Submandibular
the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows.
Superciliary arches
the furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid; an acquired facial marking.
Superior palpebral sulcus
region between the supercilium and the superior palpebrae.
Supraorbital area
the superior rim of the eye sockets.
Supraorbital margins
furrows which cross the forehead; acquired facial markings.
Transverse frontal sulci
Processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face.
Zygomatic arch
the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone.
Zygomaticofrontal process
Muscle of the face which draws the superior lip posteriorly and superiorly.
Zygomaticus major
Muscle of the face which draw the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly.
Zygomaticus minor
External Facial Bones
Nasal Bones (2)
Zygomatic Bones (2)
Maxilla (2)
Mandible
Lies directly inferior to the glabella
Forms a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity
nasal bones
The orifice bounded by the nasal bones and maxilla
nasal cavity
Diamond shaped bones that form the cheekbones. They are located on the frontal and lateral planes of the face. The bones form part of the inferior and lateral surfaces of the orbital cavity; has a convex surface (because it moves in the anterior & posterior direction.)
Zygomatic Bones (2)
what type of surface are the zygomatic bones? Why?
- Convex surface- moves anterior and posterior in direction
* Give us the widest part of the Face
the zygmatic bone articulates with what?
Temporal process of the zygomatic. When the arch is completely fused, it has three parts from anterior to posterior.
- Zygomatic bone
- Temporal process of zygomatic
- Zygomatic process of temporal, which completes the arch attaching it to the temporal bone. The arch points the way to the ear and cuts its length in half.
just underneath the zygomatic arch; lateral to the portion of the cheek; not as prominent as the temple area
zygomatic arch depression
where frontal bone and zygomatic bones join
zygomaticofrontalis process
Anatomical features and RA significance
zygomatic bone
The widest part of the anterior plane of the face is measured by straight line from the midpoint of one zygomatic bone to the midpoint of the opposite zygomatic bone. Acts as an area for rouge cosmetics. (Give us the widest part of the Face)
Zygomatic Arch- Process on the temporal & zygomatic bones
Zygomatic Arch Depression- Depression just inferior to the Zygomatic Arch; it is lateral to the portion of the cheek; but it is not as prominent as temple area
Zygomaticofrontal Process- made up of the Zygomatic Bone & Frontal Bone; the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone.
bones of the upper jaw; Paired bone
• Forms skeletal bone of the superior base of most of the roof of the mouth sides of the nasal cavity and floor of the orbit (upper jaw bone)
Maxilla
maxilla Articulates with
Each other at the midline, forming
Nasal Spine of the Maxilla
•
The slip of skin that covers the nasal spine; medial partition between anterior nares;
Most inferior portion of the nose
THIS IS NOT THE SEPTUM
Columna Nasi
Sharp boney projection located medially along the inferior portion of the nasal cavity
Nasal Spine of the Maxilla
• Forms the inferior jaw- horseshoe shaped
Mandible p. 23
Parts of the Mandible
Body
Ramus
triangular projection inferior portion of the anterior mandible; creates the anterior projection of the c
mental eminence of the body of the mandible
the area in between metal eminence and incisor teeth;
Incisive Fossa
tooth sockets; boney ridge
Alveolar Processes
DEFINE INCISIVE TEETH (GLOSSARY)
vertical portion of the mandible
ramus
rounded eminence at the rounded end of a particular bone; on the posterior portion of the ramus; articulates in the mandibular fossa
Condyle
non articulating end of the ramus; provides for attachment (ex. When chewing) temporal muscle attaches here.
Coronoid process
the depression that is located between the condyle and the coronoid process
Mandibular Notch-
Marks the widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face
Angle of the Mandible
the point of muscle attachment, which moves the least; beginning of muscle contraction
Origin
the point of muscle attachment, which moves the most
Insertion
muscle of the cranium; also called the “epicranius”
Muscle that draws the scalp inferiorly & posteriorly to raise the eyebrows, thin sheet; this broad muscle covers the top of the skull.
Occipitofrontalis Muscle (1)
two parts of the occipitofrontalis muscle
frontal belly (frontlis) occipital belly (occipitalis)
Effects on surface form
occipitofrontalis muscle
When contracted, this muscle raises the eyebrows
Continual contraction forms: TRANSVERSE FRONTAL SULCI
TRANSVERSE FRONTAL SULCI- furrows which cross the forehead; acquired facial markings
wrinkle or line
sulci
Anatomical features and RA significance
maxilla
Processes of the maxilla Eminences/processes Alveolar process Palatine Process - Dental prognathism “buck teeth”-
Anatomical features and RA significance
maxilla
Frontal process of the maxilla - the ascending part of the upper jaw, which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone.
Processes of the maxilla
Eminences/processes-
Anatomical features and RA significance
maxilla
a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.
Alveolar process
Anatomical features and RA significance
maxilla
forms anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth. Part of the nasal cavity and part of the orbital cavity
Palatine Process
Anatomical features and RA significance
maxilla
oblique insertion of the teeth; can occur in the maxilla. The point where the two maxilla meet form a sharp bony process known as the nasal spine. The nasal spine creates the inferior border of the nasal skeleton.
Dental prognathism “buck teeth”-
