RA 2 Mouth

Question 1

the cavity in which mastication takes place

Answer 1

Mouth

Question 2

The beginning of the alimentary canal.

Answer 2

Mouth

Question 3

Mouth
•Tends to be ___
•___, much of facial expression concentrated around mouth
•More natural posturing & position problems when setting features
•___1/3 of face
•___ wide
•___ are vertical in line with middle of eye
•Vertical thickness of lips can be judged by comparing upper red lip with the distance from the ___; good indicator of vertical thickness

Answer 3

asymmetrical

Center of Expression

Lower

2 eyes

Corners of mouth

column nasi

Question 4

Normal mouth repose

Answer 4

• Dime gap separation: can put a dime in between teeth when close
• Usually line of closure is slightly inferior or posterior to other
• When using wax, normally use 2 cylinders as 1 for upper & 1 for lower

Question 5

projection of the jaw or jaws beyond the upper part of the face
(vertical alignment of from the forehead to the chin)

Answer 5

Prognathism

Question 6

Types of Prognathism

Answer 6

• Maxillary
• Mandibular
• Dental (true buck teeth):
• Alveolar
• InfraNasal

Question 7

the superior jaw (maxilla) protrudes; fullness in upper lip & appears anterior and lateral

Answer 7

Maxillary prognathism

Question 8

the inferior jaw (mandible) protrudes; beyond line of upper lip “bulldog jaw” & appears as protrusion of chin

Answer 8

Mandibular prognathism

Question 9

oblique insertion of the teeth; front teeth protrude; prevents lip from closing & proceeded by receding chin

Answer 9

Dental (true buck teeth) prognathism

Question 10

sockets of the teeth are inclined; teeth not at angle but sockets are protruding

Answer 10

Alveolar prognathism

Question 11

base of nasal cavity protrudes abnormal; similar projection over media area of maxilla; upper lip fullness

Answer 11

InfraNasal prognathism

Question 12

Parts of the Mouth

Answer 12

• Superior integumentary lip
• Inferior integumentary lip
• Mucous membrane (red lip)
• Superior mucous membrane (upper lip)
• Inferior mucous membrane (lower lip)
• Weather line
• Medial lobe
• Line of closure

Question 13

area between the base of nose and superior margin of the superior mucous membrane. Skin portion of upper lip

Answer 13

Superior integumentary lip

Question 14

area between the inferior margin of the inferior mucous membrane and the mental eminence. Skin portion outside lower red lip area

Answer 14

Inferior integumentary lip

Question 15

visible red surfaces of the lips; lining membrane of body cavities that open to the exterior. Area that’s cosmetics

Answer 15

Mucous membrane (red lip)

Question 16

upper margin has the shape of classic hunting bow; Medial lobe is found in the center of the membrane;

Answer 16

Superior mucous membrane (upper lip)

Question 17

thicker than the superior mucous membrane. Lies posterior to the upper mucous membrane when view profile;

Answer 17

Inferior mucous membrane (lower lip)

Question 18

line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of the mucous membrane (exposed area is dry and lighter in color);

Answer 18

Weather line

Question 19

tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane

Answer 19

Medial lobe

Question 20

line that forms between the 2 mucous membranes when the mouth is closed; where lips come in contact with each other;

Answer 20

Line of closure

Question 21

Boundaries

Answer 21

• Labial Nasal Fold (Lateral )
• Base of Nose (Superior )
• Junction lower integumentary lip & chin (Inferior)

Question 22

Associated Facial Markings

Answer 22

• Philtrum
• Angulus oris sulcus
• Vertical lines of mucous membrane
• Labial sulci (furrow of age):

Question 23

vertical groove located on the superior integumentary lip; width form and depth are different from person to person

Answer 23

Philtrum

Question 24

groove at the end of the line of closure

Answer 24

Angulus oris sulcus

Question 25

fine vertical lines located on the mucous membrane

Answer 25

Vertical lines of mucous membrane

Question 26

vertical furrows on the lip extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips.

Answer 26

Labial sulci (furrow of age):

Question 27

Techniques for changing expression • "Subtract or add filling material"; maybe too much cotton or mortuary putty in mouth • "Loosen or tighten sutures" used to close mouth; too tight = wrinkles or folds in upper integumentary lip directly below nose; too loose = frown-like appearance with ends of mouth pointing down • "Inject tissue builde"r in angulus oris eminences and/or nasolabial folds; give ends of mouth upward pointing position

Answer 27

Techniques for changing expression • If mouth is stretched wide from sides due to manipulation, loss of muscle firmness, or gravity; the embalmer must make mouth appear shorter. Shortening can be accomplished by filling line of closure with wax to center of the eye. Facial cosmetics can hide wax. Lip coloring must be applied so it ends at center of eye. • Lip cosmetics can be applied to mucous membrane of either lip appear fuller, narrower, wider, or shorter than it really is. • If lips are not full, they can be made fuller through hypodermic injection of tissue builder. • In some instances, just change lip color or amount used.

Question 28

Dental Prognathism (Buckteeth)

Answer 28

The dilemma facing the embalmer is whether to treat the lips in such a way as to bring them together to cover all the teeth or to allow some teeth to show. (family preference)

Question 29

Treatment for showing buck teeth:

Answer 29

* Clean the teeth that will be visible. Abrasive toothpaste or even household cleaner and dried well afterwards * Some embalmers recommend painting visible teeth with clear nail polish to duplicate the appearance of moisture on natural teeth. Others against it. * Mouth is closed using normal suturing or injection needle in area that will be visible * Sections on lips you want close should be glued or sutured ensure stay closed

Question 30

Treatment for not showing buck teeth: • Close the mouth using needle injector or sutures • Treating the lips bring them together should be done before arterial injection cause more difficult after injection. • Perforated mouth former can be used. Sharp perforation help keep the lips together • In place of commercial mouth former, coarse sandpaper can be shape and used. • Both lips stretched until they meet and glued or sutured to stay closed. Cotton can be placed under lower lip to bring it to level of superior lip. • Cutting the upper and lower frenulum can be effective when stretching the lips • Wet cotton slings applied both lips during embalming. Pressure of slings with help hold lips together

Answer 30

Treatment for not showing buck teeth: • Some embalmers recommend using straight pins but not most practical method. Tissue can slip off pin and if going to put holes in lips usually be more effective to suture. • Sutures can be placed across lips behind weather line. Soft lip wax can be used to cover any sutures. • 1 of 2 most radical treatments is the dislocation of lower jaw. Not recommended because not easy to accomplish and once done it distorts normal appearance of face. • 2nd radical treatment is extract relevant teeth. If family change mind to show teeth all extracted teeth must be secured back in place. The teeth can be forced back instead of removing them. • It’s recommended massage cream be placed on lips both internally and externally to prevent dehydration and shrinkage during embalming. Lips will need to be very dry when adhesive is used.

Question 31

Absence of teeth

Answer 31

* Close the mouth using injector needle or sutures. There is more chance of over-tightening the lips when teeth are missing. Will be apparent if horizontal folds or wrinkles appear on upper integumentary lip * Natural form and contour of mouth should be recreated using cotton or mortuary mastic * Commercial mouth former can be inserted over the putty or cotton * Lips can be glued shut by placing adhesive behind the weather line

Question 32

Cementing lips

Answer 32

* Key to successfully cementing (gluing) lips closed is being sure lips are dry. If moist, adhesive will not stick * Apply cement behind weather line of lip. Some embalmers recommend applying to both lips and others only one lip * Allow few moments for glue to dry slightly before bring lips together * Bring lips together and hold few moments and then release * Excess cement can be removed using the proper solvent

Question 33

connects superior integumentary lip to moist membrane; (more wider and less red and thinner than lower lip)

Answer 33

Superior mucous membrane (upper lip)s

Question 34

contains two high peaks slightly off center on either side of a dipping curve and narrows laterally as it disappears before reaching the end of the line of closure;

Answer 34

Superior mucous membrane (upper lip)s

Question 35

connects inferior integumentary lip to moist membrane; (less wider and more red and thicker than upper lip)

Answer 35

Inferior mucous membrane (lower lip)

Question 36

its where the adhesive is applied to keep the lips closed.

Answer 36

Weather line

Question 37

located at the lower border of the upper teeth; has the shape of the classic hunting bow.

Answer 37

Line of closure