R&W Reviewer Flashcards
This refers to a particular strategy writers use to develop ideas
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
The logical arrangement of ideas
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
It helps you anticipate the author’s thought development and thus focus your reading
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
It helps you remember and recall what you read
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
Narrative paragraph can be effective at drawing the reader in and establishing the writer’s voice in the essay.
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
intends to tell sequence of events
NARRATION
describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened
NARRATION
used to tell a story or focus on a set of related events
NARRATION
tells a story of an event or an experience
NARRATION
Descriptive details in a narrative paragraph are essential to a good story. Details help readers to connect to the world the
author envisions
Writing a narrative paragraph
Use action verbs and transitional expressions.
Writing a narrative paragraph
Choose the right words for their meaning and use expressions
Writing a narrative paragraph
Logical Actions
Components of Narrative Text
Way of Narration
Components of Narrative Text
Terminology
- General Terms and Specific
- Concrete and Abstract
Components of Narrative Text
It gives information about what a person, an object, a place, or a situation is like.
DESCRIPTION
It provides details on the idea by using either a sensory or spatial pattern.
DESCRIPTION
The kind of words we used to describe how your subject looks, sounds, feels, smells or even tastes like are called
sensory
languages.
the writer presents an impartial and actual picture of the subject without biases and excluding
personal impression of the subject just like when you give your description of an experiment in class.
Objective Description
the writer gives personal impression of what is observed
Subjective Description
It is a mode of paragraph development that answers the questions: What is it? What does it mean? What are its special
features?
DEFINITION
The word to be defined may be an object, a concept, a person, a place and a phenomenon
DEFINITION
It explains what something is in comparison to other members of its class, along with any limitations
DEFINITION
dictionary meaning of a word
Denotation
how a writer understands a word based on their personal or consensual experiences; the ideas, emotions, thoughts, or feelings that someone might associate with a word.
Connotation
term to be defined
the species (Word)
class it belongs
Genus (Class)
distinguishing characteristics
Differentia
is needed to define abstract concepts. It allows you to broaden your definition by using
analogy, metaphors, comparison and contrast, descriptions, analysis, functions, characteristics or features, etymology,
semantic origin, negation, synonym, example and effect
Extended/Expanded Definition
Providing a history of what a term/word has meant can help us understand its
current meaning
BY ORIGINS
defines concepts in the most factual way, which is often used in scientific, proper, or real world facts
Scientific Definition
define the objects in a more personal way; usually derived from the author’s own experiences and
opinion
Subjective Definition
It provides examples and illustrations in order to further clarify or explain the concept or subject matter
EXEMPLIFICATION
It presents a general statement and then provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea.
EXEMPLIFICATION
It groups items into their parts or types and splits a general category of things into smaller subcategories.
CLASSIFICATION/DIVISION
It groups things according to similar/different features (structures) that they share.
CLASSIFICATION/DIVISION
It is used when a writer needs to sort out or arrange subjects to groups or categories based on their common and shared
characteristics.
CLASSIFICATION/DIVISION
It discusses similarities and differences
COMPARISON-CONTRAST
Its purpose is not simply state the obvious but rather illustrate subtle differences or unexpected similarities between two
subjects
COMPARISON-CONTRAST
discusses elements that are similar
COMPARISON
discusses elements or ideas that different
CONTRAST
used to compare and contrast two subjects one at a time
Block Method
– if you would address one subject at a time
Point-by-Point
A pattern of development that describes how one or more things cause or are related to another.
CAUSE-EFFECT
It is a text development pattern which explains why something happens. It also states what results a particular event
produces
CAUSE-EFFECT
- Why did it happen?
- What caused it?
- What does it cause?
- What are the effects?
- How is it related to something else?
CAUSE-EFFECT
It presents a problem, usually discussing several aspects of the problem, then concludes by discussing solutions to the
problem.
PROBLEM-SOLUTION
A method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying an undesirable situation and proposing one or more actions to
change/improve that situation.
PROBLEM-SOLUTION
It describes an issue and the writer’s position or opinion on the subject
PERSUASION/PERSUASIVE TEXT
Persuasive Text can be in the form of an argument, discussion, exposition, review or even an advertisement.
PERSUASION/PERSUASIVE TEXT
recalling what you already know about the topic being discussed
Activating prior knowledge
the weakest kind of argument
Rhetorical devices
is a group of interrelated sentences. A paragraph is composed of three major parts: the topic sentence,
the body which consists of the supporting details, and the closing sentence
Paragraph
It is the central idea of the paragraph; it can be a stand or a comment, an objective statement, or a question.
Topic Sentence
A _ ahs the major parts: the topic, the comment, or reaction or assertion (stance)
Topic Sentence
It concludes the details that have been presented.
Closing Sentence
Parts of a Paragraph
➢ Topic Sentence
➢ Supporting Details: Major supporting details and Minor supporting details
➢ Concluding Sentence
it is seen in how the text physically appears like headings and subheadings, bullet points or font
emphasis.
Physical Format
these are textual cues that readers use to follow a text. They can “signal” the transition from one point to
another, the ordering of events and concepts, or the writer’s chosen text type.
Signal Words
provides the framework upon which the text is organized; it consists of the following: beginning, middle and
end.
Structure
Every good paragraph must have UNITY or oneness of idea. Sentences in a paragraph are unified and directed by a
topic sentence.
COHERENCE
derived from the Latin word co, meaning “together”, and haerere, meaning to “stick”
COHESION
Choose the appropriate language to be used and to regard the objective of the writing, the context in which it was written and
the target audience in mind
LANGUAGE USE
Effective language can be characterized as:
- concrete and specific, not vague and abstract
- concise, not verbose
- precise and clear, not obscure
- constructive, not destructive
- appropriately formal, not slang
is another component of good writing provides specific, relevant, and appropriate supporting details to the main
idea or thesis statement using facts and statistics, descriptions, anecdotes, examples, and quotations
Elaboration
is a writing trait that enables the writer to connect with the reader through the author’s personal writing style and using
unique words and phrases
Voice
refers to the act of using a system of symbols such as the comma, period, quotation marks and question marks
that are used to give structure and to organize a text.
Punctuation
is checking grammatical errors.
Proofreading
are synonymous to belief, argument, assertion, or stand
CLAIMS
must be related to an issue
CLAIMS
must have a degree of controversy
CLAIMS
is a specific and arguable statement that contains the main point of an essay
CLAIMS
persuades, argues, convinces, proves, or provocatively suggests something to a reader who may or may not initially
agree with you.
CLAIMS
information is clearly written and explained in the text
EXPLICIT INFORMATION
information is something that is indirectly expressed in the text and you need to look for
clues or make inferences to understand its meaning
IMPLICIT INFORMATION
This is the social, cultural, political, historical, and other related circumstances that surround the text and form the terms from
which it can be better understood and evaluated.
CONTEXT
Cars, not factories, are the primary cause of pollution
CLAIMS OF FACT
Water can be an alternative to gas.
CLAIMS OF FACT
Teens who engage in promiscuous, unprotected sex will develop STDs, become pregnant and/or contract AIDS
CLAIMS OF FACT
Answers: Did it happen? Is it true? Does it exist?
CLAIMS OF FACT
Dsicriminating our frontliners who save our lives does not make sense
CLAIMS OF VALUE
Homosexuality is immoral because it violates religious, societal and biological standards.
CLAIMS OF VALUE
Monet’s art is more beautiful than Picasso’s because of its use of soft color, uplifting subject matter and unique
techniques
CLAIMS OF VALUE
Answers: Is it good or bad?
CLAIMS OF VALUE
The government should create an effective plan to address the traffic
CLAIMS OF POLICY
The death penalty should be abolished because it does nothing to prevent murder
CLAIMS OF POLICY
Spreading fake news in the midst of pandemic will not help at all; hence, by all means it should be stopped.
CLAIMS OF POLICY
Answers: What should we do?
CLAIMS OF POLICY
