R&A Part 2 - Informal Fallacies (Names 1st)

Question 1

Argumentum ad Hominem

Answer 1

Argument against the person.

Question 2

Abusive ad Hominem

Answer 2

Personal attack against those with an opposing view

Question 3

Circumstantial ad Hominem

Answer 3

Attempt to discredit by calling attention to the circumstances or situation of the opponent.

Question 4

Straw Man Fallacy

Answer 4

A refutation of an argument that oversimplifies/misrepresents the original argument.

Question 5

Appeal to People

Answer 5

Attempt to gain acceptance by invoking popular opinion

Question 6

Appeal to Force

Answer 6

Attempt to advance a view by threatening those that don’t accept it.

Question 7

Appeal to Pity

Answer 7

Attempt to gain acceptance through pity.

Question 8

Appeal to Ignorance

Answer 8

The claim that a statement is true simply because it has not been proven false and vice versa.

Question 9

Equivocation

Answer 9

Moving between 2 or more different meanings of a word when one is required for validity.

Question 10

Amphiboly

Answer 10

Exploits ambiguity that lies in a whole sentence rather than just one word with double meaning.

Question 11

Composition

Answer 11

An inference from the properties of the parts to the properties of a whole.

Question 12

Division

Answer 12

An inference from the properties of a whole to the properties of the parts.

Question 13

Begging the Question

Answer 13

Assuming the very thing one is trying to prove.

Question 14

Falso Dilemma/Dichotomy

Answer 14

Assuming there are only 2 alternatives when there are in fact many more.

Question 15

Appeal to Unreliable Authority

Answer 15

Involving the opinion of a person or group of people with no special claim to the truth of the subject matter.

Question 16

False Cause

Answer 16

The unwarranted assumption of a causal link when there is no good reason to.

Question 17

Complex Question

Answer 17

Asking a question that involves an unwarranted assumption.