R 3.1 Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 1

70% of late-stage chronic kidney disease cases due to ______ and ________.

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus; hypertension/vascular disease

Question 2

What are the three essentials to diagnosing chronic kidney disease?

Answer 2

Decline in GFR over months to years, persistent proteinuria or abnormal renal morphology, symptoms or signs of uremia

Question 3

What are some of the symptoms of uremia?

Answer 3

Pruritus, metallic taste, pericarditis, anorexia, nausea, erectile dysfunction

Question 4

What happens to the levels of phosphate, calcium, potassium in chronic kidney disease?

Answer 4

Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia

Question 5

How do you control chronic hyperkalemia?

Answer 5

Dietary potassium restriction, sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Question 6

Agents that block the _____ are particularly important in proteinuria disease.

Answer 6

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 7

Sodium bicarbonate is titrated to maintain serum bicarbonate levels at ______.

Answer 7

> 21 mmol/L

Question 8

_____ work in early CKD but ______ are more effective in patients with low GFR

Answer 8

Thiazide; loop diuretics

Question 9

What are the three treatment methods for anemia?

Answer 9

Recombinant erythropoietin, darbepoetin, and ferrous sulfate

Question 10

Coagulopathy can be treated with ______ and ______.

Answer 10

Desmopressin; conjugated estrogen

Question 11

We want to limit the uptake of _____ in renal osteodystrophy.

Answer 11

Phosphate

Question 12

Magnesium-containing laxatives and antacids are _____ in the diet for chronic kidney disease.

Answer 12

Contraindicated

Question 13

The most common cause of death in chronic kidney disease is _______.

Answer 13

Cardiac disease