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Pathology I > Quizzy Questions Exam 3 > Flashcards

Quizzy Questions Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of death among individuals between the ages of 1 and 14 years?

A

Accidents

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2
Q

1 out of every ___ children is born with a congenital anomaly.

A

33

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3
Q

Most chromosomal disorders are familial. True or False

A

False

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4
Q

The most common cause of infant mortality is ___

A

Congenital or chromosomal abnormalities

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5
Q

Fetal infections may be acquired transplacentally or ___

A

Transcervically

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6
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis are all conditions associated with ___

A

Prematurity

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7
Q

Intrauterine constraint is an example of which error in morphogenesis?

A

Deformation

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8
Q

Virtually all chromosomal syndromes are associated with congenital malformations and are the result of abnormal gametogenesis. True or False

A

True

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9
Q

Recovery begins within ___ in uncomplicated cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with management.

A

3-4 days

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10
Q

Fetal growth restriction is most frequently the result of complicating ___ factors.

A

Maternal

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11
Q

Neutrophils are commonly associated with the formation of hyaline membranes in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. True or False

A

False

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12
Q

In ___ of sudden infant death syndrome cases, the infant is younger than 6 months

A

90%

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13
Q

Which of the following is more likely to be lethal?

  • hemangioma
  • lymohangioma
  • hydrops fetalis
  • cystic hygroma
A

Hydrops fetalis

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14
Q

Which of the following is the most common tumor among infants?

A

Hemangioma

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15
Q

Which tumor of infancy may develop in the adrenal medulla and is likely to secrete catecholamines?

A

Neuroblastoma

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16
Q

What is most likely to suggest that a 3 year old has an undiagnosed neuroblastoma?

A

Bone pain

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17
Q

A patient with a “cat’s eye reflex” may be suspected of having what condition?

A

Retinoblastoma

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18
Q

What involves aniridia, genital abnormalities, and Wilms tumor?

A

WAGR syndrome

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19
Q

Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes are a characteristic finding of which condition?

A

Retinoblastoma

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20
Q

Most cases of retinoblastoma are ___ mutations of RB1 gene. Genetic or Sporadic

A

Sporadic

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21
Q

Factors of the personal environment have a larger effect on human health than factors of the ambient environment. True or False

A

True

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22
Q

Environmental diseases are most commonly the result of chronic exposure to low levels of contaminants. True or False

A

True

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23
Q

By 2100, ___ of the world’s population are expected to be displaced due to rising sea levels.

A

10%

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24
Q

What is not a major health concern related to climate change?

A

Tuberculosis

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25
Q

What are 3 major health concerns related to climate change?

A

Cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, malaria

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26
Q

Diseases of nutritional origin are not considered environmental diseases. True or False

A

False

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27
Q

A substance that is not produced by an organism or expected to be found within an organism is a(n) ___

A

Xenobiotic

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28
Q

Approximately ___ of the chemicals used within the US have been experimentally tested for health effects.

A

1%

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29
Q

The cytochrome P-450 cellular enzyme system is primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum of the ___

A

Liver

30
Q

Atmospheric particulates measuring less than ___ in diameter are harmful because they may be inhaled into the alveoli and cause inflammation.

A

10 micrometers

31
Q

What pollutant is a common cause of accidental and suicidal death?

A

Carbon monoxide

32
Q

The neurologic effects of lead poisoning among children are ___ and primarily impact the ___

A

Irreversible

CNS

33
Q

What neurological syndrome is associated with mercury poisoning and may cause deafness and blindness?

A

Minamata disease

34
Q

Children absorb ___ of ingested lead, while adults absorb 15%.

A

50%

35
Q

If an individual survives an episode of carbon monoxide poisoning, complete neurological recovery is possible. True or False

A

True

36
Q

The decay of ___ produces radon.

A

Uranium

37
Q

At age 70 years, ___ of smokers are alive

A

50%

38
Q

Itai-itai disease is associated with bone softening (osteomalacia) and renal diseases that develops secondary to ___ exposure.

A

Cadmium

39
Q

What is not associated with exposure to arsenic?

  • basal cell carcinoma
  • carcinoma of the lung
  • malignant melanoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
A

Malignant melanoma

40
Q

Arsenic is toxic because it interferes with ___

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

41
Q

Tobacco use is responsible for ___ of lung cancer diagnoses.

A

90%

42
Q

Tobacco smoke wi least likely to increase the rate of ___ cancer development.

A

Kidney

43
Q

Smoke has a direct effect on the tracheobronchial mucosa by ___ mucus production. Increase/Decrease

A

Increasing

44
Q

Cigarette smoke causes leukocyte recruitment to the lungs, which cause permanent injury that may result in ___

A

Emphysema

45
Q

Alcohol consumption is responsible for 100,000 deaths each year and ___ are associated with driving under the influence.

A

50%

46
Q

The effects of acute alcohol poisoning primarily involve the ___

A

Central nervous system

47
Q

Use of ___ during pregnancy is associated with fetal microcephaly, growth retardation, and facial abnormalities.

A

Alcohol

48
Q

Approximately 50% of Asians express a defective form of ___, which may cause flushing and tachycardia after drinking alcohol.

A

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

49
Q

Chronic alcool consumption may be associated with hypertension and dilated congestive cardiomyopathy. true or false

A

True

50
Q

Hormone replacement therapy increase HDLs, decrease LDLs, and is protective against myocardial infarction. True or False

A

False

51
Q

Oral contraceptives have a protective effect against the development of ovarian cancer and ___ cancer.

A

Endometrial

52
Q

Centrilobular hepatic necrosis is highly associated with an overdose of ___

A

Acetaminophen

53
Q

Chronic ___ toxicity commonly results in headache, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, or coma.

A

Aspirin

54
Q

Chronic ___ use may result in dilated cardiomyopathy.

A

Cocaine

55
Q

Up to 3% of individuals who use ___ will suffer from sudden death.

A

Heroin

56
Q

Which category of mechanical trauma commonly demonstrates jagged or irregular borders?

A

Laceration

57
Q

What form of malignant hyperthermia management reduces the mortality of from 80% to 5%?

A

Muscle relaxants

58
Q

What is the most common hyperthermic syndrome?

A

Heat exhaustion

59
Q

Loss of consciousness occurs when the core body temp is reduced to ___

A

90 degree F

60
Q

In order to warm hypothermic regions of the body, it is best to rub the regions to generate heat. True or False

A

False

61
Q

What is a source of ionizing radiation associated with diagnostic imaging?

A

Computed tomography

62
Q

Ionizing radiation has the ability to cause apoptosis, chromosomal translocations, and may also rupture nuclear membranes. True or False

A

True

63
Q

When an individual is missing at least 1 nutrient in their diet it is termed ___

A

Primary malnutrition

64
Q

The visceral protein compartment is depleted most severely in patients in ___

A

Kwashiorkor

65
Q

Which form of protein-energy malnutrition manifests with hyper- and hypo pigmentation of the skin with relative sparing of muscle mass?

A

Kwashiorkor

66
Q

Which of the following is not radiosensitive?

  • testicles
  • platelets
  • RBC
  • lens of the eye
A

RBC

67
Q

Bitot spots represent accumulation of keratinized epithelium that is associated with a deficiency of ___

A

Vitamin A

68
Q

Vitamin A stimulates ___ activity and may also mimic the signs and symptoms of a brain tumor. Osteoclast/Osteoblast

A

Osteoclast

69
Q

Patients suffering from bulimia are ___ likely to present with amenhorrhea, when compared to those with anorexia nervosa. More/Less

A

Less

70
Q

What vitamin is required to prevent osteomalacia?

A

Vitamin D

71
Q

Among males, obesity is a risk factor for the development of esophageal, thyroid, colon, and kidney cancer. True or False

A

True

72
Q

Leptin is a hormone that is regulated by what?

A

Adipocytes

Pathology I (5 decks)

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