Quizzy Questions Exam 3 Flashcards
What is the most common cause of death among individuals between the ages of 1 and 14 years?
Accidents
1 out of every ___ children is born with a congenital anomaly.
33
Most chromosomal disorders are familial. True or False
False
The most common cause of infant mortality is ___
Congenital or chromosomal abnormalities
Fetal infections may be acquired transplacentally or ___
Transcervically
Respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis are all conditions associated with ___
Prematurity
Intrauterine constraint is an example of which error in morphogenesis?
Deformation
Virtually all chromosomal syndromes are associated with congenital malformations and are the result of abnormal gametogenesis. True or False
True
Recovery begins within ___ in uncomplicated cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with management.
3-4 days
Fetal growth restriction is most frequently the result of complicating ___ factors.
Maternal
Neutrophils are commonly associated with the formation of hyaline membranes in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. True or False
False
In ___ of sudden infant death syndrome cases, the infant is younger than 6 months
90%
Which of the following is more likely to be lethal?
- hemangioma
- lymohangioma
- hydrops fetalis
- cystic hygroma
Hydrops fetalis
Which of the following is the most common tumor among infants?
Hemangioma
Which tumor of infancy may develop in the adrenal medulla and is likely to secrete catecholamines?
Neuroblastoma
What is most likely to suggest that a 3 year old has an undiagnosed neuroblastoma?
Bone pain
A patient with a “cat’s eye reflex” may be suspected of having what condition?
Retinoblastoma
What involves aniridia, genital abnormalities, and Wilms tumor?
WAGR syndrome
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes are a characteristic finding of which condition?
Retinoblastoma
Most cases of retinoblastoma are ___ mutations of RB1 gene. Genetic or Sporadic
Sporadic
Factors of the personal environment have a larger effect on human health than factors of the ambient environment. True or False
True
Environmental diseases are most commonly the result of chronic exposure to low levels of contaminants. True or False
True
By 2100, ___ of the world’s population are expected to be displaced due to rising sea levels.
10%
What is not a major health concern related to climate change?
Tuberculosis
What are 3 major health concerns related to climate change?
Cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, malaria
Diseases of nutritional origin are not considered environmental diseases. True or False
False
A substance that is not produced by an organism or expected to be found within an organism is a(n) ___
Xenobiotic
Approximately ___ of the chemicals used within the US have been experimentally tested for health effects.
1%
The cytochrome P-450 cellular enzyme system is primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum of the ___
Liver
Atmospheric particulates measuring less than ___ in diameter are harmful because they may be inhaled into the alveoli and cause inflammation.
10 micrometers
What pollutant is a common cause of accidental and suicidal death?
Carbon monoxide
The neurologic effects of lead poisoning among children are ___ and primarily impact the ___
Irreversible
CNS
What neurological syndrome is associated with mercury poisoning and may cause deafness and blindness?
Minamata disease
Children absorb ___ of ingested lead, while adults absorb 15%.
50%
If an individual survives an episode of carbon monoxide poisoning, complete neurological recovery is possible. True or False
True
The decay of ___ produces radon.
Uranium
At age 70 years, ___ of smokers are alive
50%
Itai-itai disease is associated with bone softening (osteomalacia) and renal diseases that develops secondary to ___ exposure.
Cadmium
What is not associated with exposure to arsenic?
- basal cell carcinoma
- carcinoma of the lung
- malignant melanoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Arsenic is toxic because it interferes with ___
Oxidative phosphorylation
Tobacco use is responsible for ___ of lung cancer diagnoses.
90%
Tobacco smoke wi least likely to increase the rate of ___ cancer development.
Kidney
Smoke has a direct effect on the tracheobronchial mucosa by ___ mucus production. Increase/Decrease
Increasing
Cigarette smoke causes leukocyte recruitment to the lungs, which cause permanent injury that may result in ___
Emphysema
Alcohol consumption is responsible for 100,000 deaths each year and ___ are associated with driving under the influence.
50%
The effects of acute alcohol poisoning primarily involve the ___
Central nervous system
Use of ___ during pregnancy is associated with fetal microcephaly, growth retardation, and facial abnormalities.
Alcohol
Approximately 50% of Asians express a defective form of ___, which may cause flushing and tachycardia after drinking alcohol.
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Chronic alcool consumption may be associated with hypertension and dilated congestive cardiomyopathy. true or false
True
Hormone replacement therapy increase HDLs, decrease LDLs, and is protective against myocardial infarction. True or False
False
Oral contraceptives have a protective effect against the development of ovarian cancer and ___ cancer.
Endometrial
Centrilobular hepatic necrosis is highly associated with an overdose of ___
Acetaminophen
Chronic ___ toxicity commonly results in headache, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, or coma.
Aspirin
Chronic ___ use may result in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Cocaine
Up to 3% of individuals who use ___ will suffer from sudden death.
Heroin
Which category of mechanical trauma commonly demonstrates jagged or irregular borders?
Laceration
What form of malignant hyperthermia management reduces the mortality of from 80% to 5%?
Muscle relaxants
What is the most common hyperthermic syndrome?
Heat exhaustion
Loss of consciousness occurs when the core body temp is reduced to ___
90 degree F
In order to warm hypothermic regions of the body, it is best to rub the regions to generate heat. True or False
False
What is a source of ionizing radiation associated with diagnostic imaging?
Computed tomography
Ionizing radiation has the ability to cause apoptosis, chromosomal translocations, and may also rupture nuclear membranes. True or False
True
When an individual is missing at least 1 nutrient in their diet it is termed ___
Primary malnutrition
The visceral protein compartment is depleted most severely in patients in ___
Kwashiorkor
Which form of protein-energy malnutrition manifests with hyper- and hypo pigmentation of the skin with relative sparing of muscle mass?
Kwashiorkor
Which of the following is not radiosensitive?
- testicles
- platelets
- RBC
- lens of the eye
RBC
Bitot spots represent accumulation of keratinized epithelium that is associated with a deficiency of ___
Vitamin A
Vitamin A stimulates ___ activity and may also mimic the signs and symptoms of a brain tumor. Osteoclast/Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Patients suffering from bulimia are ___ likely to present with amenhorrhea, when compared to those with anorexia nervosa. More/Less
Less
What vitamin is required to prevent osteomalacia?
Vitamin D
Among males, obesity is a risk factor for the development of esophageal, thyroid, colon, and kidney cancer. True or False
True
Leptin is a hormone that is regulated by what?
Adipocytes
