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Pathology > Quizzy Q Path Ex 3 > Flashcards

Quizzy Q Path Ex 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of death among individuals between the ages of 1-14 years?

A

Accidents

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2
Q

1 out of ______ children is born with a congenital anomaly.

A

75

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3
Q

Most chromosomal disorders are familial. True or False?

A

FALSE

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4
Q

The most common cause of infant mortality is ____________.

A

Congenital or chromosomal abnormalities

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5
Q

Fetal infections may be acquired transplacentally or ____________.

A

Transcervically

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6
Q

Respiration distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis are all conditions associated with ____________.

A

Prematurity

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7
Q

Intrauterine constraint, is an example of which error in morphogenesis?

A

Deformation

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8
Q

Virtually all chromosomal syndromes are associated with congenital malformations and are the result of abnormal gametogenesis. True or False?

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Recovery begins within ________ in uncomplicated cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with management.

A

3-4 days

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10
Q

Fetal growth restriction is most frequently the result of complicating _______ factors.

A

Maternal

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11
Q

Neutrophils are commonly associated with the formation of hyaline membranes in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. True or False?

A

FALSE

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12
Q

In _____% of sudden infant death syndrome cases, the infant is younger than 6 months.

A

90.00%

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13
Q 
Which of the following conditions is more likely to be lethal?
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Hydrops fetalis
Cystic hygroma
A

Hydrops fetalis

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14
Q 
Which of the following is most common tumor among infants?
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Neuroblastoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
A

Hemangioma

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15
Q

What tumor of infancy may develop in the adrenal medulla and is likely to secrete catecholamines?

A

Neuroblastoma

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16
Q

What suggests that a 3 year old has an undiagnosed neuroblastoma?

A

Bone pain

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17
Q

A patient with a “cat’s eye reflex” may be suspected to have what condition?

A

Retinoblastoma

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18
Q

What conditions involves aniridia, genital abnormalities, and Wilms tumor?

A

WAGR syndrome

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19
Q

Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes are a characteristic of what condition?

A

Retinoblastoma

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20
Q

Most cases of retinoblastomas are (genetic/sporadic) mutations of the RB1 gene.

A

Sporadic

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21
Q

Environmental diseases are most commonly the result of chronic exposure to low levels of contaminants. True or False?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

By 2100, _____ % of the worlds population are expected to be displaced due to rising sea levels.

A

10.00%

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23
Q 
Which disease is not a major health concern related to climate changes?
A.Cardiovascular disease 
B.Respiratory disease  
C.Malaria  
D.Tuberculosis
A

Tuberculosis

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24
Q

Diseases of nutritional origin are not considered environmental diseases. True or False?

A

FALSE

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25
Q

A substance that is not produced by an organism or expected to be found within an organism is a ___________.

A

Xenobiotic

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26
Q

Approximately ____% of the chemicals used within the United States have been experimentally tested for health effects.

A

1.00%

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27
Q

The cytochrome P-450 cellular enzyme system is primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum of the ________.

A

Liver

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28
Q

Atmospheric particulates at most _______ in diameter is damaging because they may be inhaled into the alveoli and cause inflammation.

A

10 micrometers (so <10)

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29
Q

What pollutant is a common cause of accidental and suicidal death?

A

Carbon monoxide

30
Q

The neurologic effects of lead poisoning among children are ______ and primarily impact the _______.

A

Irreversible; CNS

31
Q

What neurological syndrome is associated with mercury poisoning and may cause deafness and blindness?

A

Minamata disease

32
Q

Children absorb ____% of ingested lead, while adults absorb 15%.

A

50.00%

33
Q

If an individual survives an episode of carbon monoxide poisoning, complete recovery is possible. True/False

A

TRUE

34
Q

The decay of ________ produces radon.

A

Uranium

35
Q

At age 70 years, _____% of smokers are alive.

A

50.00%

36
Q

Itia-itia is associated with bone softening (osteomalacia) and renal diseases that develops secondary to ________ exposure.

A

Cadmium

37
Q 
What is not associated with exposure to arsenic?
A.Basal cell carcinoma  
B.Carcinoma of the lung  
C.Malignant melanoma  
D.Squamous cell carcinoma
A

Malignant melanoma

38
Q

Arsenic is toxic because it interferes with ________________.

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

39
Q

Tobacco use is responsible for ____% of lung cancer diagnoses.

A

90.00%

40
Q 
Tobacco smoke is least likely to increase the rate of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cancer development. 
A. Lung
B. Esophageal
C. Kidney
D. Oral
A

Kidney

41
Q

Smoke has a direct effect on the tracheobronchial mucosa by _________(increasing/decreasing) mucus production.

A

Increasing

42
Q

Cigarette smoke causes leukocyte recruitment to the lungs, which cause permanent injury that may result in ___________.

A

Emphysema

43
Q

Alcohol consumption is responsible for 100,000 death each year and ____% are associated with driving under the influence.

A

50.00%

44
Q

The effects of acute alcohol poisoning primarily involve which organ?

A

Central nervous system

45
Q

Use of ______ during pregnancy is associated with fetal microcephaly growth retardation, and facial abnormalities.

A

Alcohol

46
Q

Approximately 50% of Asians express form of _________, which may cause flushing and tachycardia after drinking alcohol.

A

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

47
Q

Chronic alcohol consumption may be associated with hypertension and dilated congestive cardiomyopathy. True or False?

A

TRUE

48
Q

Hormone replacement therapy increase HDL, decrease LDLs, and is protective against myocardial infarction. True or False?

A

FALSE

49
Q

Oral contraceptives have a protective effect against development of ovarian cancer and ________ cancer.

A

Endometrial

50
Q

Centrilobular hepatic necrosis is highly associated with an overdose of _______.

A

Acetaminophen

51
Q

Chronic _______ toxicity commonly results in headache, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, or coma.

A

Aspirin

52
Q

Chronic ______ use may result in dilated cardiomyopathy.

A

Cocaine

53
Q

Up to 3% of individuals who use ______ will suffer from sudden death.

A

Heroin

54
Q 
Which type of mechanical trauma commonly demonstrates jagged or irregular boarders?
Incision
Puncture wound
Laceration
Contusion
A

Laceration

55
Q

What form of malignant hyperthermia management reduces the mortality from 80% to 5%?

A

Muscle relaxants

56
Q

What is the most common form of hyperthermia?

A

Heat exhaustion

57
Q

loss of consciousness occurs when the core body temperature is reduced to _____.

A

90 degrees F

58
Q

In order to warm hypothermic regions of the body, it is best to rub the regions to generate heat. True or False?

A

FALSE

59
Q

What is a source of ionizing radiation associated with diagnostic imaging?

A

Computed tomography(CT), Bone Scan, or Radiation therapy

60
Q

Ionizing radiation has the ability to cause apoptosis, chromosomal translocations, and may also rupture nuclear membranes. True or False?

A

TRUE

61
Q

When an individual is missing at least 1 nutrient in their die it is termed _________.

A

Primary malnutrition

62
Q

The visceral protein compartment is depleted most severely in patients with _________.

A

Kwashiorkor

63
Q

Which form of protein-energy malnutrition manifests with hyper- and hypopigmentation of the skin with relative sparing of muscle mass?
A. Kwashiorkor
B. Marasmus

A

Kwashiorkor

64
Q 
Which of the following is not radiosensitive?
Testicles
Platelets
Red Blood Cells
Lens of the Eye
A

Red blood cells

65
Q

Bitot spots represent accumulation of keratinized epithelium that is associated with a deficiency of ________.

A

Vitamin A

66
Q

Vitamin A stimulates (osteoclast/osteoblast) activity and may also mimic the signs and symptoms of a brain tumor.

A

Osteoblast

67
Q

Patients suffering from bulimia are (more/less) likely to present with amenorrhea, when compared to those with anorexia nervosa.

A

less

68
Q

What vitamin is required to prevent osteomalacia?

A

Vitamin D

69
Q

Among males, obesity is a risk factor for the development of esophageal, thyroid, colon, and kidney cancer. True or False?

A

TRUE

70
Q

Factors of the personal environment have a larger effect on human health than factors of the ambientenvironment.
A.True
B.False

A

True

71
Q

Leptin is a hormone that is regulated by which of the following? A.Pancreas
B.Stomach
C.Ileum or colon
D.Adipocytes

A

D. Adipocytes

Pathology (7 decks)

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