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Pathology > Quizzie Questions 2 > Flashcards

Quizzie Questions 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tumors in which location cause the most lethal form of cancer in women?

A

Lung

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2
Q

The incidence of lung cancer is ________ in females.

A

Increasing

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3
Q

Childhood retinoblastomas are inherited in _________ of cases.

A

40%

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4
Q

Select 2

Which 2 of the following are thought to contribute to increasing frequency of cancer with age?

A

B. Accumulation of somatic mutations

C. Reduced immunocompetence

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5
Q

Which of the following is the second most prevalent karyotopic abnormality in tumor cells?

A

Deletions (Balanced translocations is most common)

Slide 39

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6
Q

An abnormal number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of organism’s haploid is termed

A

D. Aneuploidy (Book pg 175)

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7
Q

Which of the following involves DNA methylation and his tone modifications to cause changes in gene expression?

A

B epigenetics (slide 40)

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8
Q

Many tumors metastasize to the organ that presents the first__________ they encounter after entering circulation.

A

D. Capillary bed

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9
Q

What is the glue that holds the cells together, which must be inactivated to initiate migration of a tumor cell through the extra cellular matrix?

A

B. E-cadherins

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10
Q

Once in circulation, aggregated tumor cells may be afforded protection from anti tumor hosts cells

A

True

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11
Q

Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have an inherited defect in which DNA repair system?

A

B. nucleotide excision repair

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12
Q

Which type of mutation is highly associated with hematopoietic malignancies?

A

Balanced translocations

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13
Q

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are involved in ——–?

A

B. homologous recombination. slide 70

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14
Q

Patients with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation are at a _________ risk of developing cancer.

A

Increased

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15
Q

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with which of the following?

A

B. Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

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16
Q

Hepatits B or C infections are associated with _______ of all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma

A

C. 80% slide 85

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17
Q

Epstein-Barr viral infections may contribute to oncogenesis by stimulating _______ proliferation.

A

C. B cell (slide 83)

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18
Q

Natural Killer cells act as a first line of defense against tumor cells and function without previous tumor cell sensitization

A

true

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19
Q

Symptom complexes that occur within cancer patients that cannot be explained by the effects of a tumor cell appear in _____ of patients.

A

B. 15 % (slide 91)

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20
Q

All diseases involve changes in gene structure or expression. True/False?

A

true

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21
Q

Individuals that are homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia commonly die of _________ before the age of 20 years.

A

Myocardial infarction

22
Q

What percentage of individuals with cystic fibrosis manifest pancreatic abnormalities?

A

90%

23
Q

Children whom lack phenylalanine hydroxylase will develop ________ if untreated early in life.

A

Mental retardation

24
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia involves a mutation in the LDLR gene and is present in 1 out of _____ individuals.

A

500

25
Q

Treatment of galactosemia may prevent many of the pathological effects of the condition, but many _________ disorders may remain.

A

Speech

26
Q

What patient population is most likely to be impacted by a lysosomal storage disease?

A

Infants

27
Q

What condition involves the accumulation of Gm2 gangliosides within neurons and results in mental retardation?

A

Tay-Sachs disease

28
Q

Chromosomal abnormalities are present in approximately 1 in _____ newborns.

A

200

29
Q

When genetic material is transferred from part of one chromosome to another it is termed a __________

A

Translocation

30
Q

When cancer cells transition to aerobic glycolysis, the phenomenon is called the ?

A

Warburg effect

31
Q

The TP53 gene is an example of a ________?

A

Tumor suppressor gene. Slide 54

32
Q

If DNA damage is detected, the products of the TP53 gene stimulates cellular arrest in which stage of the cell cycle

A

G1

33
Q

Which of the following is a common example of a virus that can nullify the protective function of the TP53 gene?

A

Hepatitis B. slide 55

34
Q

Additional genetic material produces more severe defects than does loss of genetic material. True or False?

A

False

35
Q

Virtually all patients with trisomy 21 older than 40 years of age develop neuropathic changes associated with what?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

36
Q

Doctors of chiropractic should be aware that patients with trisomy 21 may manifest with what characteristic?

A

Atlanto-axial instability

37
Q

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder with an incidence of 1 per ____ live births.

A

700

38
Q

Sporadic carcinomas of the breast and colon are considered to be ___________.

A

Familial concerns of inheritance

39
Q

What type of genes are not likely to be involved with oncogenesis?

A

Genes that regulate noncoding DNA

40
Q

In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma, both RB alleles are impacted via somatic mutation.

A

True

41
Q

Epigenetics refers to reversible changes in gene expression that are not the result of genetic mutation.True or False?

A

True

42
Q

The RB gene is a TSG and is expressed in all cell types. True or False?

A

True

43
Q

Many ontogenic DA viruses, like HPV, encode proteins that bind to the Rb gene and render it nonfunctional. True or False?

A

True

44
Q

During surgery, a surgeon is likely to request a _________ to evaluate histological features of a tissue.

A

C. frozen section

45
Q

Which of the following has been shown to have greater clinical value?

A

A. Cancer staging

46
Q

All congenital disorders are hereditary.
A.True
B.False

A

B. false

47
Q 
Breast cancer may stimulate parathyroid hormone, resulting in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A.Hypercoagulability 
B.Hypercalcemia 
C.Septicemia 
D.Hypovolemic shock
A

B. Hypercalcemia

48
Q 
Which of the following involves the substitution of a single nucleotide base that results in the coding for a stop codon? 
A.Frameshift mutation 
B.Trinucleotide repeat 
C.Nonsense mutation 
D.Point mutation
A

C. Nonsense mutation

49
Q 
Which of the following conditions is an example of a hereditary condition that is not congenital? 
A.Cleft lip (cheiloschisis) 
B.Achondroplasia 
C.Congenital syphilis 
D.Muscular dystrophy
A

D.Muscular dystrophy

50
Q

Autosomal dominant conditions express phenotypic changes in the ___________ state.
A.Heterozygous
B.Homozygous

A

A. Heterozygous

51
Q

Which of the following is the result of a mutation in the FBN1 gene encoding fibrillin?

A

D. Marfan syndrome

52
Q

Which type of glycogen storage disease manifests with cardiomegaly that many progress to cardiorespiratory failure?

A

B. Pompe disease

Pathology (7 decks)

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