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Pathology > Quizzie Questions 1 > Flashcards

Quizzie Questions 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A cell that has undergone physiologic stress may adapt via which 2 mechanisms?
A.ischemia B. metaplasia C. depletion of ATP D. hypertrophy

A

Hypertrophy and metaplasia (Book pg4-5)

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2
Q

Which is the term indicating an increase in the number of cells has resulted from the proliferation of differentiated cells?
A. Hypertrophy B. hyperplasia C. atrophy D. metaplasia

A

Hyperplasia (book pg 4)

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3
Q

What is the term indicating a reversable change has occurred from one adult cell type by another adult cell type?

A

Metaplasia (book pg5)

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4
Q

Decreased cellular protein synthesis combined with increased protein degradation is the hallmark feature of which one of the following?
A. metaplasia B. dysplasia C. atrophy D. hyperplasia

A

Atrophy (book pg4)

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5
Q

Which morphological catergory of necrosis requires histological examinations to determine?
A. Coagulative B. liqufactive. C. Caseous D. Fibrinoid

A

Fibrinoid- ie there is a histological slide via note set-PH (book pg11)

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6
Q

The presence of lipid vacuoles within the cytoplasm of a cell(fatty changes) and most likely to occur following which type of injury?
A. Laceration. B. hypoxia. C. Irradiation. D. Crush injury

A

Hypoxia-PH (book pg 8)

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7
Q

Which of the following describes destructive fragmentation of the nucleus within the dying cell?
A. Karyorrhexis. B. pyknosis. C. Karyolysis. D. Nucleoside

A

A. Karyorrhexis (book pg9)

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8
Q

Mitochondria are resistant to the deleterious effects of hypoxia?
True or false?

A

False

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9
Q

Apoptosis may be stimulated by both irradiation and accumulation of improperly folded proteins?
True or false?

A

True

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10
Q 
Phospholipases are enzymes within a cell that are most likely to be activated via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Mitochondrial damage
B. Influx of calcium
C. Depletion of ATP
D. Oxidative stress
A

B. Influx of calcium (book pg13)

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11
Q 
Select 3
Cellular response to an injurious stimuli depends on which three of the following?
A. Duration of injury
B. Type of injury
C. Timing of injury
D. Severity of injury
A

Duration of injury, type of injury, and severity of injury-PH

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12
Q

Reactive oxygen species are produced in all cells during normal cellular metabolism?
A. True
B. False

A

True-PH

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13
Q 
The restoration of blood flow to an area of ischemia commonly causes damage to which 2 types of tissues?
A. cerebral neurons
B. nephrons of the kidney
C. hepatocytes of the liver
D. myocardium of the heart
A

Cerebral neurons, myocardium of the heart -PH

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14
Q

Caspase-8 are most likely to cleave and activate pro-apoptopic molecules in which pathway?
A. the mitochondrial pathway
B. the death receptor pathway

A

B. Death receptor pathway

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15
Q 
Damage caused by free radicals is determined by their\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and efficiency of removal. 
A. Presence of hydroxyl group
B. Involvement with systemic circulation
C. Rate of production
D. Rate of degradation
A

C. Rate of Production

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16
Q 
2 Best Answers
Which 2 of the following are reactive oxygen species?
A. Superoxide
B. Hydrogen Peroxide
C. Ethyl Alcohol
D. Superoxide Dismutase
A

A. Superoxide and B. Hydrogen Peroxide

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17
Q

Ischemia injures tissues faster and more severely than does hypoxia.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

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18
Q

Breakdown of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle is an example of physiologic apoptosis.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

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19
Q

Calorie restriction inhibits the effects of aging.
A. true
B. False

A

True

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20
Q 
Which of the following is a short repeated sequence of DNA of chromosomes that protects the end of the chromosomes from deteriotation or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes.
A. Telomerase
B. Chromatids
C. Telomere
D. Prostaglandins
A

C. Telomere

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21
Q 
Deposition of calcium into an injured tissue is called.
A. Dystrophic calcification
B. Propagation
C. Metastatic Calcification
D. Pigmentation
A

A. Dystrophic Calcification

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22
Q 
Disorders causing destruction of bone (osteolysis) will cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.	
A. Metastatic calcification
B. Metastatic Turnover
C. Dystrophic Calcification
D. Dysraphism
A

A. Metastatic Calcification

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23
Q 
The most common exogenous pigment is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Melanin
B. Reactive oxygen species
C. Carbon
D. Silica
A

Carbon

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24
Q 
Which morphological pattern of inflammation is associated with acne vulgaris?
A Serous
B Fibrinous
C Purulent
D Ulcerative
A

Purulent

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25
Q 
Which morphological pattern of inflammation is demonstrated by this histological exam?
A. Serous
B. Fibrinous
C. Purulent 
D. Ulcerative
A

pg 43- A. Serous

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26
Q

The resolution stage of an inflammatory reaction involves enzymatic degradation of the various chemical mediators of the reaction
T/F

A

True

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27
Q

Increased vascular permeability results in exudate of protein rich extravascular fluid?
T/F

A

True

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28
Q 
Focal collections of pus are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A Comedones
B Cysts
C Collectins
D Abscesses
A

Abscesses

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29
Q 
The kinin system leads to the formation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which increases vascular permeability
A Cyclokinin
B Cyclooxygenase
C FOXP2
D Bradykinin
A

Bradykinin pg52

30
Q 
Activation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ includes the activation of the coagulation cascade and the compliment system.
A Bradykinin 
B Hageman factor ( factor XII)
C Tumor necrosis factor ( factor XXLVII)
D Reactive oxygen species
A

B. Hageman factor ( factor XII) pg51

31
Q 
Activation of which system generates a pore like membrane attack complex ( MAC)?
A Compliment system
B Kinin system
C Neuropeptide system
D Amneic system
A

A. Compliment System pg50

32
Q 
TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 are all considered to be 
A kinins 
B active oxygen species
C Neuropeptides
D Cytokinins
A

Cytokinins pg50

33
Q 
NBQ
Leukocytes is common feature of inflammatory reactions, especially those inducted by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ infection.
A Bacterial
B Viral
C Protozoal
D Helminth
A

Bacterial

34
Q 
Pyrogens stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ synthesis, which stimulate the production of Neurotransmitters that reset temperature set point.
A Sarcoidosis
B Prostaglandin
C Kinin
D Gangrel
A

B. Prostaglandin pg52 tbl2-7

35
Q 
Select 2 answers
Which 2 of the following are involved with septic shock following a septic bacterial infection
A Hyperthermia
B Acidosis
C Hypotensive shock
D Bradycardia
A

B. Acidosis

C. Hypotensive Shock

36
Q

Once the inflammatory reaction has resolved, the body initiates the process of healing.
T/F

A

B. False

37
Q 
Which of the following is a multi protein cytoplasmic complex that recognizes products of dead cells and initiates an inflammatory response upon activation. 
A Inflammasome
B Cytosome
C Lymohisome
D Toll-like receptor (TLR)
A

Inflammasome (book pg 32)

38
Q 
An increase in osmotic pressure of inflamed tissues will cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ accumulation, which is high in protein content.
A Transudate
B Exudate
C Ribosome
D Fibrillin
A

Exudate (book pg 33)

39
Q 
2 answers
Which two types of cells will predominate sites of chronic inflammation?
A Neutrophils
B Lymphocytes
C Basophilsm
D Macrophages
A

lymphocyts and monocytes or macrophages

40
Q 
As stasis sets in at the site of an acute inflammatory reaction, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ initiate margination and rolling.
A Red blood cells
B Stem cells
C Resident tissue cells
D Leukocytes
A

Leukocytes

41
Q 
Cells that are capable of proliferating in response to injury or loss of tissue mass are components of ?
A. Labile tissues
B. stable tissues
C. Cytosolic masses
D. Permanent tissues
A

Stable tissue (book pg59)

42
Q 
Nondividing cells are either in the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ phases of the cell cycle?
A. Go
B. G1
C. S
D. G2
A

G0, G1 phases

43
Q 
A example of a labile cell would be a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Hematopoietic cell
B. hepatocyte
C. Neuron
D. Myocyte
A

Hematopoietic cell

44
Q 
Tissue recoil and return to baseline structure, following deformation, is due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Hyaluronic acid
B. proteoglycans
C. Fibrin
D. Elastin
A

Elastin

45
Q

2 best answers
Which 2 of the following are commonly involved in response to increase growth factors?
A. Promotion of entry into the cell cycle
B. promotion of cellular quiescence
C. Ontogenic promotion
D. Prevention of apoptosis

A

A and D

46
Q 
Which fibrous structural protein of the extracellular matrix provides structural integrity ot large vessel walls and ligaments?
A Collagen
B Elastin
C Hyaluronan
D Fibronectin
A

Elastin

47
Q 
The liver is a unique organ because it has the ability to regenerate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the tissue following surgical removal?
A 10%
B 15%
C 50%
D 85%
A

50% (40-60%, slide 55)

48
Q

Scar formation involves Angiogenesis?

T/F

A

True (slide 57)

49
Q 
Which of the following components of the extracellular matrix acts as a reservoir for growth factors. 
A proteoglycans
B integrins 
C fibronectins
D lamalins
A

A proteoglycans (slide 53)

50
Q

Extensive regeneration or compensatory hyperplasia can occur only if the residual connective tissue framework is structurally intact.
T/F

A

True (slide 56)

51
Q

Granulation tissue is _____________ vascularized.
A. Highly
B. poorly

A

Highly?

52
Q 
Growth factors that stimulate and activate fibroblasts are primarily derived from\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Endothelial cells
B. monocytes
C. Granulocytes
D. Macrophages
A

D. Macrophages

53
Q

A healing continues, localized fibroblasts __________ extracellular matrix deposition?
A. Increase
B. decrease

A

B. Decreases

54
Q 
Extracellular matrix is degraded by matrix metalloproteinases, which are dependent on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for their activity
A. Zinc ions
B. iron ions
C, reactive oxygen species
D. Hexanes
A

A. Zinc Ions

55
Q

As healing progresses, localized vasculature _________?
A. Increase
B. decrease

A

Decrease

56
Q 
A surgical incision that was sutured is expected to reach peak neovascularization by day \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. 3
B. 5
C. 14
D. 30
A

Day 5

57
Q 
A wound is likely to regain approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the original tissue strength within 3 months of healing.
A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 90%
A

75%. Pg. 70

58
Q

The genetic alterations associated with neoplasia are always passed to daughter cells upon division.
A. True
B. false

A

A. True

59
Q

Genomic instability and abiogenesis are both hallmarks of cancer development.
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

60
Q

Divergent differentiation of neoplastic cells is common.
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

61
Q 
Which of the following has the greatest impact on the biological behavior of a neoplasm?
A. Stroma
B. Blood Supply
C. Connective Tissue Support
D. Parenchyma
A

D. Parenchyma

62
Q

Cancer Cells are limited to undergoing approximately 60-70 replications prior to cellular senescence.
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

63
Q 
Which of the following is a mixed tumor that contains cells or tissues representing more than 1 germ cell layer?
A. Teratoma
B. Hamartoma
C. Papilloma
D. Adenoma
A

A. Teratoma

64
Q

In General , Benign tumors are anaplastic and malignant tumors are well differentiated.
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

65
Q 
Which type of cancer is most likely to use the3 lymphatic system for metastasis?
A. Carcinoma
B. Sarcoma
C. Adenoma
D. Polyposes
A

Carcinoma

66
Q 
Which of the following is a mass of disorganized tissue that is similar in appearance to the tissue at the site of growth?
A. Carinoma
B. Hamartoma
C. Sarcoma
D. Teratoma
A

B. Hamartoma

67
Q 
Which fibrous structural protein of the extracellular matrix provides structural integrity to large vessel walls and ligaments?
A. Collagen
B. Elastin
C. Hyaluronan
D. Fibronectin
A

B. elastin. Page 64 book

68
Q 
The liver is a unique organ because it has the ability to regenerate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the tissue following surgical removal?
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 50%
D. 85%
A

50% pg. 65 book

69
Q

Scar formation involves angiogenesis true or false?

A

True

70
Q 
Which of the following components of the ECM acts as a reservoir for growth factors?
A. Proteoglycans
B. integrins
C. Fibronectins
D. Lamalins
A

Proteoglycans. Pg. 64 book.

Pathology (7 decks)

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