Quizzes Flashcards
Who introduced Darwin’s & Wallace’s letters to the Linnean Society?
Lyell and Joseph Hooker
Why did Galen think human mandible would be in two parts?
Because he dissected sheep and ungulates. Human dissection taboo.
Who proposed that populations grow geometrically, while food production only grows linearly, and that due to this problem size is limited by positive and negative checks?
Thomas Malthus
How do we call Cuvier’s idea that changes in faunal assemblages are due to cyclical extinction events?
catastrophism
What motivated Darwin to public?
A letter from Wallace proposing similar ideas.
Which did Linne (?) include in the Anthropomorpha (Primates) incorrectly?
Sloths
Darwin didnt’ describe
the birds of paradise of PNG
Dr. Pangloss (Gould & Lewontin)
Evo biologists who see adaptation as ultimate
Mayr, Simpson, Dobzhansky theory of evo?
Evo Synthesis
Mendel’s experiments on
peas, bees, mice
Gould & Eldredge’s “alternative to phyletic gradualism”?
punctuated equilibrium
M. Kimura’s Neutral Theory postulates …
most nucleotide changes selectively neutral, determined by drift and not selection
Evo synthesis founding daddies
Mayr, Simpson, Dobzhansky
pre-Mendel inheritance theory
blending inheritance
T.H. Morgan focus
mutation (fruit fly)
genes might influence same trait, or multi
pleiotropy
fraction of variance potentially caused by genetics
broad sense heritability
what played largest role in evo of modern humans
genetic drift
less than 1000 indivudals – what effects strongest evolutionary role?
stochastic effects
reprod success between M/F …
males more variable
4 thing Pigliucci saw as extended synthesis?
- nongenetic inheritance 2. gene regulation and gene networks 3. niche construction 4. multilevel selection
mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance
- DNA methylation 2. miRNAs 3. Histone modifications
group of genes encoding positional information in the developing embryo?
Hox genes
Selection takes place … (6)
- species 2. family 3. individual 4. cell 5. gene 6. group
why PAX gene remarkable
conserved, protein encoded identical in all vertebrates and invertebrates
Trinil hominin likely?
Erectus
cerebral cortex in humans and other primates …
about the same thickness as higher primates
main diff between humans and other primates according to Seyfarth and Cheney?
theory of mind and language
longevity according to Hawkes and Coxworth?
shorter telomeres … more DHEAS
body size and fertility in mammals …
larger animals, lower fertility
humans have ____ birth interval than chimps
shorter
M1 eruption
later in humans
THE KLEIBER RELATIONSHIP
large mammals eat less energy rich foods and smaller mammals need to eat energy rich foods
Aiello & Wheeler: first hominin to have reduced gut size?
Ergaster
Nea diet (trophic level) NOT similar to cave bear, but …
Brown Bear
According to Ruff, Turkana boy most similar to …
tropical populations (body proportions ala Bergmann / Allen)
Jablonski & Chaplin - why more melanin in low latitude populations?
protection against folate photolysis (?)
what kind of creatures at high latitudes in low temps?
spheres with radius of 1 unit
How is the cold tolerance (Tmin) of Neas?
Higher tolerance (lower Tmin) than in recent arctic pops / lower tolerance (higher Tmin) than arctic adapted animals (arctic fox)
Biggest adaptation for Nea to deal with cold?
Not morphological. Cultural (clothing).
What is true about Hypoxia?
Andean pops have higher arterial oxygen AND different pops adapted to high altitude hypoxia in different ways
DAffy negative
Duffy negative
explain divergence of two types of Plasmodium (malaria)
came from gorilla
HLA system facts
Local archaic populations were adapted to pathogens in enviro / introgression allows uptake of these adaptations ; replenishes variability in the HLA system after bottleneck.
Why more malaria resistance in Holocene?
exposure to malaria via agro
Malaria resistance known as “favism” why?
fava beans trigger hemolysis (G6PD deficiency)
Which pathogen NOT responsible for malaria?
Plasmodium humanis (?) why I forget tho.
