Class 1 - Islam Darwin Wallace

Question 1

Islamic evolution drew on which philosopher’s scale

Answer 1

Aristotle’s scalae naturae

Question 2

800 years before Darwin, what did Muslims add to speciation to make it comprehensive?

Answer 2

Time.

Question 3

What stopped Islamic fascination in evolution?

Answer 3

Scientism’s attack on their deeper beliefs.

Question 4

Wallace & Malthus - Malthus: How does evo “treat” growth?

Answer 4

checks

Question 5

Wallace & Malthus - domestic animals return …

Answer 5

to original form

Question 6

Plato was student of

Answer 6

Socrates

Question 7

Plato observation on inheritance

Answer 7

drunk men make bad babies & karma

Question 8

Hippocrates’ taboo

Answer 8

against human dissection

Question 9

Hippocrates instead of dissecting human

Answer 9

dissects ruminants / assumes humans have 2 stomachs

Question 10

Hippocrates: how explain inheritance?

Answer 10

semen comes from everywhere in the body / thought misshapen craniums of Peru would be inherited too

Question 11

Aristotle 3 categories 1. analogous

Answer 11

2. general 3. specific

Question 12

Galenous

Answer 12

vivisected live animals

Question 13

Galenous “theory of bodily”

Answer 13

humours

Question 14

Ibn Miskawayh - why Dark Ages in Euro?

Answer 14

because progress was in Persia

Question 15

Ibn Miskawayh - animals with vision and up to monkeys are

Answer 15

like humans

Question 16

Shoaib Ahmed Malik (present day scholar) says what of Muslim “evolution” …

Answer 16

we are reading into it too much

Question 17

Da Vinci did what despite taboos

Answer 17

dissection of humans

Question 18

Da Vinci also looked at …

Answer 18

geology, sea shells on mountains, Hutton-like

Question 19

Vesalius “founder of”

Answer 19

human anatomy (christ-like) dissection

Question 20

Vesalius proved Galenus wrong because

Answer 20

fused symphasis (jawbone not 2 pieces) - Galenus dissected monkeys

Question 21

Bonnet (Swiss) - speculated on what kind of forms …

Answer 21

intermediate forms … orangutan before humans.

Question 22

Linnaeus - not “scalae natura” but

Answer 22

“systema natura”

Question 23

Linnaeus - Mammals are …

Answer 23

milk & hair

Question 24

Linnaeus also speculated about “other animal” …

Answer 24

unicorns

Question 25

Linnaeus “species cannot”

Answer 25

“go extinct”

Question 26

Blumenbach - humans are …

Answer 26

one species

Question 27

Blumenbach - saw limestone / crinoids / as evidence of …

Answer 27

extinction

Question 28

Erasmus Darwin wrote a poem …

Answer 28

popularizing Linnaeus’ work

Question 29

Erasmus Darwin - all beings arose from …

Answer 29

one living filament

Question 30

Erasmus - doesn’t say God but ..

Answer 30

“the Great First Cause”

Question 31

Lamarck - evo theory but …

Answer 31

alchemistic

Question 32

Lamarck - 1st law (of acquired characteristics)

Answer 32

use it or lose it

Question 33

Lamarck - 2nd law (of acquired characteristics)

Answer 33

useful organs inherited (longer necks)

Question 34

Malthus - 1st kind of check

Answer 34

positive (higher death rates)

Question 35

Malthus - 2nd kind of check

Answer 35

preventative (lower birth rates)

Question 36

Cuvier (first paleontologist) put forward this theory …

Answer 36

CATASTROPHISM

Question 37

Cuvier noted the extinction of the …

Answer 37

MAMMOTH

Question 38

Cuvier saw mammoth extinction as …

Answer 38

evidence that not all animals are intermediate forms (therefore catastrophism)

Question 39

Lyell & Hutton main theory

Answer 39

uniformitarianism

Question 40

as deep-time man of the year, Lyell criticized …

Answer 40

catastrophism