Class 1 - Islam Darwin Wallace Flashcards
Islamic evolution drew on which philosopher’s scale
Aristotle’s scalae naturae
800 years before Darwin, what did Muslims add to speciation to make it comprehensive?
Time.
What stopped Islamic fascination in evolution?
Scientism’s attack on their deeper beliefs.
Wallace & Malthus - Malthus: How does evo “treat” growth?
checks
Wallace & Malthus - domestic animals return …
to original form
Plato was student of
Socrates
Plato observation on inheritance
drunk men make bad babies & karma
Hippocrates’ taboo
against human dissection
Hippocrates instead of dissecting human
dissects ruminants / assumes humans have 2 stomachs
Hippocrates: how explain inheritance?
semen comes from everywhere in the body / thought misshapen craniums of Peru would be inherited too
Aristotle 3 categories 1. analogous
- general 3. specific
Galenous
vivisected live animals
Galenous “theory of bodily”
humours
Ibn Miskawayh - why Dark Ages in Euro?
because progress was in Persia
Ibn Miskawayh - animals with vision and up to monkeys are
like humans
Shoaib Ahmed Malik (present day scholar) says what of Muslim “evolution” …
we are reading into it too much
Da Vinci did what despite taboos
dissection of humans
Da Vinci also looked at …
geology, sea shells on mountains, Hutton-like
Vesalius “founder of”
human anatomy (christ-like) dissection
Vesalius proved Galenus wrong because
fused symphasis (jawbone not 2 pieces) - Galenus dissected monkeys
Bonnet (Swiss) - speculated on what kind of forms …
intermediate forms … orangutan before humans.
Linnaeus - not “scalae natura” but
“systema natura”
Linnaeus - Mammals are …
milk & hair
Linnaeus also speculated about “other animal” …
unicorns
Linnaeus “species cannot”
“go extinct”
Blumenbach - humans are …
one species
Blumenbach - saw limestone / crinoids / as evidence of …
extinction
Erasmus Darwin wrote a poem …
popularizing Linnaeus’ work
Erasmus Darwin - all beings arose from …
one living filament
Erasmus - doesn’t say God but ..
“the Great First Cause”
Lamarck - evo theory but …
alchemistic
Lamarck - 1st law (of acquired characteristics)
use it or lose it
Lamarck - 2nd law (of acquired characteristics)
useful organs inherited (longer necks)
Malthus - 1st kind of check
positive (higher death rates)
Malthus - 2nd kind of check
preventative (lower birth rates)
Cuvier (first paleontologist) put forward this theory …
CATASTROPHISM
Cuvier noted the extinction of the …
MAMMOTH
Cuvier saw mammoth extinction as …
evidence that not all animals are intermediate forms (therefore catastrophism)
Lyell & Hutton main theory
uniformitarianism
as deep-time man of the year, Lyell criticized …
catastrophism
