Quizzes Flashcards
What does explanation entail in psychological research?
Understanding the conditions that reliably produce a behavior
What is control in the context of psychological research?
Testing theories or explaining psychological phenomena.
What defines laws in the scientific context?
Principles applicable to all situations
A group of poets wants to explore the emotional impact of their verses on readers. Is this scenario testable or not testable?
Not testable
Which aspect of informed consent ensures that individuals are not pressured into participating?
Giving subjects the freedom to withdraw from the experiment
A team of historians seeks to understand the motivations behind historical figures’ actions.
Not testable
What should researchers provide to subjects during the informed consent process?
An explanation of the potential risks and benefits
What is required after using deception in a research study according to the APA Guidelines?
• Providing participants with debriefing (full disclosure)
What does high external validity suggest about research findings?
• They are applicable to a wide range of people and situations outside the research setting
When might nonexperimental designs be used?
When experiments are not ethical or possible, or when testing hypotheses in realistic conditions
What is a requirement for an experiment in psychology?
Randomly assigning subjects to
treatment conditions
Why is experimentation not always possible in psychological research?
Due to the difficulty in establishing cause-and-effect relationships
It consists of scientific techniques used to collect and evaluate psychological data.
Methodology
Which of the following statements best defines commonsense psychology?
Informal beliefs and expectations that guide behavior towards others
What is the role of scientific methods in psychological research?
To identify alternative explanations and observe systematically
Which of the following is not a component of scientific methods in psychology?
Relying on intuition
What does confirmation bias entail?
Overlooking instances that might disconfirm beliefs
Which philosopher is associated with the concept of the Scientific Mentality?
Alfred North Whitehead
What is empirical data primarily concerned with?
Observable and experienced phenomena
What distinguishes basic research from applied research?
The goals and objectives of the
research
What is the primary goal of applied research?
Solving real-world problems
What does prediction involve in psychological research?
Understanding the conditions that reliably produce a behavior
A group of researchers wants to investigate the impact of meditation on stress levels in college students.
Is this scenario testable or not testable?
Testable
What is the primary responsibility of International Review Boards (IRBs)?
Protecting the safety of research participants
What is the purpose of ensuring that consent forms are written in clear, understandable language?
To ensure participants understand
the risks and benefits
How can researchers reinforce important information during the informed consent process?
By verbally emphasizing important points
What does the “content of science” refer to?
The facts and knowledge acquired
Which of the following is an example of commonsense psychology?
Absence makes the heart grow
fonder
What is the Gambler’s fallacy related to?
Overestimating the likelihood of
rare events
He proposed that science advances by revising theories based on the
“weight of evidence?
Karl Popper
What is replication in the context of scientific studies?
An exact or systematic repetition of
a study
What are the four main obiectives of science?
Description, prediction, explanation, and control
According to Robert Rosenthal, why can poorly designed research be unethical?
Because it leads to unwarranted and inaccurate conclusions
How does internal validity differ between nonexperimental and experimental research?
Nonexperimental research has low internal validity, while experimental research has high internal validity
What does internal validity refer to in research?
The degree to which causal statements can be made between the independent and dependent variables
What does “science as process” entail?
Gathering data systematically, noting relationships, and offering explanations
What are data in the context of scientific studies?
Facts and figures gathered
What does the principle of modus tollens allow us to do?
Disprove statements using a single, contrary observation
How does replication contribute to confidence in experimental results?
By adding to the weight of supporting evidence
What distinguishes pseudoscience from true scientific fields of study?
The appearance of being scientific without true scientific basis
