Quizzes Flashcards
A section of DNA is called what?
Gene
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
Speed up rate
Low activation energy
The four nitrogen bases on DNA are Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine, and…
Thymine
The Glycocalyx is considered the “_______” of the cell membrane
Sugar coating
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are important for the cell membrane because… (Name two reasons/functions)
Allows substances to go in or not go into the cell
Aids in blanketing
Give an example of a ligand
Insulin
Does osmosis need energy or no energy?
No energy
Does exocytosis need energy or no energy?
Energy
Does endocytosis need energy or no energy?
Energy
Does facilitate transport need energy or no energy?
No energy
Does active transport need energy or no energy?
Energy
Energy is required when the substance is going from…?
Low to high concentration
True or False:
Enzyme is transformed into a new product when it is joined with a substrate
False
Enzymes stay the same
True or False:
Osmosis is the diffusing of all liquids
False
Only deals with water
In what organelle does the majority of ATPs come from?
Mitochondria
Give an example of Receptor Mediated Protein (ligand)
Insulin
What is the purpose of Cilia and Flagella?
Move the cell
If the cell begins to demand more energy, what happens?
Mitochondria will go through Fission
What is the primary role of peroxisomes?
Detoxer
Break down fatty acids
Where are peroxisomes usually located?
Liver and kidney cells
Why is water a great solvent?
It has a polar bond and some substances can dissolve very easily
True or False:
Electronegativity of an element has to do with how strong an element grabs the electron
True
A positively charged particle is called what?
A proton
What is an ionic bond?
Complete transfer of and electron Makes ions Strongest of all bonds! Soluable in water Solid at room temperature
Give an example of an ionic bond
Between metals and metals
or
Metals and nonmetals
(Need a metal)
What is a covalent bond?
Room temperature boiling points
Liquids or gases at room temperature
Do not conduct electricity
Not soluble in water
Give an example of a covalent bond
Only nonmetals
Only liquids or gases
True or False:
In covalent bonds, the orbitals overlap
True
True or False:
In ionic bonds, the orbitals overlap
False
Bonds line up but do not overlap
What is a hydrogen bond?
Weakest bond
Stabilizes proteins, DNA, and RNA
Give an example of a hydrogen bond
Curly hair- Need to use heat to break protein
Electrostatic attraction is a huge influence in which bond?
Hydrogen bond
What are the three types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, decomposition, exchange reaction
Describe synthesis
Taking two simple products to complex
Anabolism
Describe decomposition
From complex to simple
Breaking down
(Catabolism)
Describe exchange reaction
Exchange partners in a reaction
The atomic number is…
Equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
The Octave rule is..
A rule showing the repeated chemical groups every eight elements
Noble gases are the example of the element of the rule
There are how many families of Elements?
Six
Each period on the Periodic Table ends with a…
Noble Gas
Groups on the Periodic Table are divided into sub groups called…
Transition and representative
Noble gases are…
Group VIII
Halogens are A. Specific non metals B. Inert Gases C. Not reactive D. Group 1A
A. specific non metals
Rare earth metals are A. Part of the actinide series B. Radioactive C. Lanthanides D. Man made
C. Lanthanides
The number of bonds an atom can form with another atom depends on what?
The electrons available to share, the chemical bond as the attachment between the atoms within a molecule, and the number of electrons it can easily share with its neighbor
The organelle in a typical animal cell that is the largest of the organelles, contains DNA, and controls cell activities is the…
Nucleus
The organelle that is the site of protein synthesis is the…?
Ribosome
A continuous channel that contains ribosome’s is called the…
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The powerhouse of the cell, where ATP is produced that is energy for the cell is the…
Mitochondria
A vacuole that contains digestive enzymes that enable the cell to dispose of debris and toxins is the…
Lysosome
True or False:
A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus
True
Describe the plasma membrane
Controls what can go in and out of the cell
Can also be called phospholipid bilayer or cell membrane
Does not like water-soluable things
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
Viruses
Describe the differences between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic does not have a nucleus while eukaryotic does
Eukaryotic has organs and organelles
An experiment is a..
Controlled testing of the properties of a substance or system through carefully recorded measurements
True or False:
Cilia is an organelle only found on a eukaryotic cell and is used by the cell for locomotion
False
Found in prokaryotic cells as well
A law is best described as…
A hypothesis or theory that is tested repeatedly with the same results and thought to be without exception
Describe characteristics of a phosphor lipid bilayer
Allows things to go through channels to get in or out of cell Found on outside of cell Oil layer Hydrophobic can go through Has fatty acid tails
Changing of matter is called what?
A reaction
Protons are…
Subatomic and exist in the core of an atom, subatomic with a positive charge, are found in the nucleus
Atoms are…
Smallest particle “not divided”
Sulfur is
A. Necessary for cellular energy
B. Component of all protein and nucleic acid
C. Component of most protein
C. Component of most protein
Sodium is
A. Component of most protein
B. Positive ion for extracellular tissue
C. Necessary for cellular energy
C. Positive ion for extracellular tissue
Nitrogen is
A. Component of all protein and nucleic acid
B. Necessary for cellular energy
C. Positive ion for extracellular tissue
A. Component of all protein and nucleic acid
Oxygen is
A. Component of most protein
B. Component of all protein and nucleic acid
C. Necessary for cellular energy
c. Necessary for cellular energy
How many elements occur in nature?
92
