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1
Q

A section of DNA is called what?

A

Gene

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2
Q

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

A

Speed up rate

Low activation energy

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3
Q

The four nitrogen bases on DNA are Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine, and…

A

Thymine

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4
Q

The Glycocalyx is considered the “_______” of the cell membrane

A

Sugar coating

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5
Q

Glycoproteins and glycolipids are important for the cell membrane because… (Name two reasons/functions)

A

Allows substances to go in or not go into the cell

Aids in blanketing

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6
Q

Give an example of a ligand

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Does osmosis need energy or no energy?

A

No energy

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8
Q

Does exocytosis need energy or no energy?

A

Energy

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9
Q

Does endocytosis need energy or no energy?

A

Energy

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10
Q

Does facilitate transport need energy or no energy?

A

No energy

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11
Q

Does active transport need energy or no energy?

A

Energy

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12
Q

Energy is required when the substance is going from…?

A

Low to high concentration

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13
Q

True or False:

Enzyme is transformed into a new product when it is joined with a substrate

A

False

Enzymes stay the same

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14
Q

True or False:

Osmosis is the diffusing of all liquids

A

False

Only deals with water

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15
Q

In what organelle does the majority of ATPs come from?

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

Give an example of Receptor Mediated Protein (ligand)

A

Insulin

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17
Q

What is the purpose of Cilia and Flagella?

A

Move the cell

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18
Q

If the cell begins to demand more energy, what happens?

A

Mitochondria will go through Fission

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19
Q

What is the primary role of peroxisomes?

A

Detoxer

Break down fatty acids

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20
Q

Where are peroxisomes usually located?

A

Liver and kidney cells

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21
Q

Why is water a great solvent?

A

It has a polar bond and some substances can dissolve very easily

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22
Q

True or False:

Electronegativity of an element has to do with how strong an element grabs the electron

A

True

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23
Q

A positively charged particle is called what?

A

A proton

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24
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A 
Complete transfer of and electron
Makes ions
Strongest of all bonds!
Soluable in water
Solid at room temperature
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25
Give an example of an ionic bond
Between metals and metals or Metals and nonmetals (Need a metal)
26
What is a covalent bond?
Room temperature boiling points Liquids or gases at room temperature Do not conduct electricity Not soluble in water
27
Give an example of a covalent bond
Only nonmetals | Only liquids or gases
28
True or False: | In covalent bonds, the orbitals overlap
True
29
True or False: | In ionic bonds, the orbitals overlap
False | Bonds line up but do not overlap
30
What is a hydrogen bond?
Weakest bond | Stabilizes proteins, DNA, and RNA
31
Give an example of a hydrogen bond
Curly hair- Need to use heat to break protein
32
Electrostatic attraction is a huge influence in which bond?
Hydrogen bond
33
What are the three types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, decomposition, exchange reaction
34
Describe synthesis
Taking two simple products to complex | Anabolism
35
Describe decomposition
From complex to simple Breaking down (Catabolism)
36
Describe exchange reaction
Exchange partners in a reaction
37
The atomic number is...
Equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
38
The Octave rule is..
A rule showing the repeated chemical groups every eight elements Noble gases are the example of the element of the rule
39
There are how many families of Elements?
Six
40
Each period on the Periodic Table ends with a...
Noble Gas
41
Groups on the Periodic Table are divided into sub groups called...
Transition and representative
42
Noble gases are...
Group VIII
43
``` Halogens are A. Specific non metals B. Inert Gases C. Not reactive D. Group 1A ```
A. specific non metals
44
``` Rare earth metals are A. Part of the actinide series B. Radioactive C. Lanthanides D. Man made ```
C. Lanthanides
45
The number of bonds an atom can form with another atom depends on what?
The electrons available to share, the chemical bond as the attachment between the atoms within a molecule, and the number of electrons it can easily share with its neighbor
46
The organelle in a typical animal cell that is the largest of the organelles, contains DNA, and controls cell activities is the...
Nucleus
47
The organelle that is the site of protein synthesis is the...?
Ribosome
48
A continuous channel that contains ribosome's is called the...
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
49
The powerhouse of the cell, where ATP is produced that is energy for the cell is the...
Mitochondria
50
A vacuole that contains digestive enzymes that enable the cell to dispose of debris and toxins is the...
Lysosome
51
True or False: | A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus
True
52
Describe the plasma membrane
Controls what can go in and out of the cell Can also be called phospholipid bilayer or cell membrane Does not like water-soluable things
53
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell
Bacteria | Viruses
54
Describe the differences between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic does not have a nucleus while eukaryotic does | Eukaryotic has organs and organelles
55
An experiment is a..
Controlled testing of the properties of a substance or system through carefully recorded measurements
56
True or False: | Cilia is an organelle only found on a eukaryotic cell and is used by the cell for locomotion
False | Found in prokaryotic cells as well
57
A law is best described as...
A hypothesis or theory that is tested repeatedly with the same results and thought to be without exception
58
Describe characteristics of a phosphor lipid bilayer
``` Allows things to go through channels to get in or out of cell Found on outside of cell Oil layer Hydrophobic can go through Has fatty acid tails ```
59
Changing of matter is called what?
A reaction
60
Protons are...
Subatomic and exist in the core of an atom, subatomic with a positive charge, are found in the nucleus
61
Atoms are...
Smallest particle "not divided"
62
Sulfur is A. Necessary for cellular energy B. Component of all protein and nucleic acid C. Component of most protein
C. Component of most protein
63
Sodium is A. Component of most protein B. Positive ion for extracellular tissue C. Necessary for cellular energy
C. Positive ion for extracellular tissue
64
Nitrogen is A. Component of all protein and nucleic acid B. Necessary for cellular energy C. Positive ion for extracellular tissue
A. Component of all protein and nucleic acid
65
Oxygen is A. Component of most protein B. Component of all protein and nucleic acid C. Necessary for cellular energy
c. Necessary for cellular energy
66
How many elements occur in nature?
92

BioChem (7 decks)

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