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BioChem > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is an arachnoid?

Where is it located?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid-filled space, contains spider web like filaments (meninges)
Located between dura matter and pia matter

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2
Q

What is the brain stem?

What is it connected to?

A

Contains centers that control breathing, cardiac function, and digestive tract function
Connected to the spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the central nervous system made of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Coordinates movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes

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5
Q

What does the cerebrum do?

A

Responsible for learning, intelligence, receiving, and interpreting sensory information
(Where the conscious mind resides)

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6
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Made up of nerve fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

What are cranial nerves?

A

12 pairs of nerves that originate directly from the brain

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8
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Passageway between the brain stem and cerebrum

More of an area, not a specific thing

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9
Q

What is the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

A

Portion of gray matter of spinal cord that conducts sensory impulses to brain

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10
Q

What is dura mater?

A

Outermost, thickest, and toughest layer of meninges

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11
Q

What are facial nerves?

A

Controls facial muscles and relays sensations from taste buds on tongue, carries nerve fibers to tear and salivary glands

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12
Q

What is the femoral nerve?

A

Motor function to muscles of thigh and carries sensory impulses from skin of hip, thigh, leg, and knee

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13
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Contains most of neuron cell bodies and is where any nerve impulses are initiated

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14
Q

What is gyrus?

A

Folds in the cerebrum and cerebellum

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15
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Bridge between nervous system and endocrine system

Located between thalamus and pituitary glads

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16
Q

What is the median nerve?

A

Runs to elbow and forearm region

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17
Q

What are meninges?

A

Covers brain and spinal cord

Has three layers

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18
Q

What is a mixed nerve?

A

Contains both sensory and nervous fibers

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19
Q

What is a motor nerve?

A

Carries messages away from brain to the rest of the body

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20
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Nerve cell.

Basic functional unit of nervous system

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21
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Made of cord-like nerves that originate from brain or spinal cords

22
Q

What is pia mater?

A

Innermost layer of meninges

Very thin- tightly adheres to surface of brain and spinal cords

23
Q

What is the radial nerve?

A

Supplies motor impulses to muscles of elbow, carpus, and digits, carries sensory impulses to the brain

24
Q

What a sciatic nerve?

A

Carries motor impulses to flexor muscle of stifle joint digits and flexor muscles of the hock

25
Q

What are sensory nerves?

A

Nerves that carry messages to the brain

26
Q

What the spinal cord?

A

Continuation of brain stem

Conducts sensory information and motor instructions between the brain and periphery of the body

27
Q

Where are spinal nerves?

A

Originate from the spinal cord

28
Q

What is sulcus?

A

Shallow fissures that separate guri in the brain

29
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Relay station

Regulating sensory inputs to cerebrum

30
Q

What is the ulnar nerve?

A

Carries sensory nerve impulses to the brain from foot pads

“Funny bone”

31
Q

What is the vagus nerve?

A

Carries motor impulses from pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, ect.
Longest nerve in body

32
Q

What does the ventral horn of spinal cord do?

A

Conducts motor impulses away from the brain

33
Q

What is white matter?

A

“Wiring” that carries impulses in and out of gray matter

Found in medulla (inner portion) of cerebrum an cerebellum

34
Q

True or False:

Nerves have an all or nothing impulse.

A

True

35
Q

What is the resting state?

A

The cell has potential energy but is not yet being used
(Active rest)
Has to work to stay resting

36
Q

Cell membranes of neurons are _________ at rest.

A

Electrically polarized

37
Q

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

A

Higher concentration of sodium on the outside, higher concentration of potassium on the inside
The cell becomes polarized/ Creates poles

38
Q

What is resting membrane potential?

A

Electrical difference in charges across the membrane

39
Q

What is the net, negative resting membrane potential?

A

-70mV (within the cell)

40
Q

Characteristics of depolarization

A

Sodium channel will pop open and fly in the cell
Charge is changing
Does not need energy
Sodium influx results in loss of two distinct poles of Na and K on either side of membrane
Sodium driven into cell by concentration gradient

41
Q

What happens when the cell loses its two distinct poles of Na and K?

A

Cell becomes neutral

42
Q

What is action potential?

A

Significant change in electrical charge from negative to positive

43
Q

What is repolarization?

A

Opening of potassium pump
Potassium ions passively diffuse out of the cell, motivated by concentration gradia
Ions have flipped (K on outside, Na on inside)
Need ATP to get on right sides

44
Q

Which is stronger, potassium or sodium?

A

Sodium

45
Q

What needs to happen before the cell can “fire”?

A

Has to reach a certain threshold

46
Q

Explain the wave of depolarization

A

Waves of sodium channels opening to allow sodium influx
Conduction down neuron
Action potential would be generated and conducted along entire neuron
(Can be called action potential/nerve impulse/Wave of depolarization)

47
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

“Insensitive” to new stimuli until it recovers from previous nerve impulses

48
Q

What is the relative refractory period?

A

Cell is still refractory to stimuli of normal intensity

49
Q

What is the resting potential for all animals?

A

-55mV

50
Q

What is synapse?

A

The gap between neurons

BioChem (7 decks)

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