Quizz Flashcards
Research is NOT the same as evidence-based practice. Is this statement true or
false?
True
Research creates evidence, while EBP uses evidence to guide clinical decisions.
Which of the following is the first step in formulating a research question?
a) Reviewing the literature
b) Identifying a broad topic of interest
c) Collecting data
d) Testing the hypothesis
B
What does the acronym PICO stand for in the context of clinical research questions?
a) Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
b) Population, Indicator, Comparison, Outcome
c) Patient, Investigation, Comparison, Outcome
d) Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome
A
Which type of research question is most appropriate for qualitative research?
a) What is the effect of…?
b) How do patients experience…?
c) Does X cause Y…?
d) Is there a relationship between…?
B
Which of the following is a key characteristic of a well-formulated research question?
a) It is broad and general
b) It is specific and focused
c) It is based on anecdotal evidence
d) It includes multiple variables
B
Why is it important to review the literature before formulating a research question?
a) To find a ready-made research question
b) To ensure the question has not already been answered
c) To prove your hypothesis is correct
d) To avoid having to conduct original research
B
Which type of research question seeks to determine the prevalence of a
condition or behavior in a specific population?
a) Descriptive
b) Analytical
c) Exploratory
d) Explanatory
A
Descriptive research questions aim to determine the characteristics, prevalence, or distribution of a condition, behavior, or phenomenon within a specific population. These questions focus on “what” is happening without investigating cause-and-effect relationships.
e.g. “What is the prevalence of hypertension among adults in Singapore?”
Analytical: Focuses on understanding relationships or associations between variables
e.g., “Is smoking associated with lung cancer?”
Exploratory: Seeks to investigate new or poorly understood topics to generate ideas or hypotheses
e.g., “What factors influence patient satisfaction in hospitals?”
Explanatory: Aims to explain why or how a phenomenon occurs, often focusing on cause-and-effect relationships e.g., “Why does physical activity reduce the risk of heart disease?”
In the PICO framework, what does “C” typically represent?
a) Control
b) Comparison
c) Condition
d) Cause
B
Which of the following is an example of a poorly formulated research question?
a) What are the effects of exercise on blood pressure in adults aged 50-60?
b) How does diet influence the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in adolescents?
c) What are the patient outcomes following the implementation of a new surgical technique?
d) Why is health important?
D
Which type of research question is best suited for a randomized controlled trial
(RCT)?
a) What is the prevalence of hypertension in adults over 60?
b) How do nurses perceive their role in patient education?
c) Does drug A reduce blood pressure more effectively than drug B in patients with
hypertension?
d) What are the barriers to healthcare access in rural communities?
C
Which of the following sampling strategies is MOST commonly used in qualitative
research?
a) Convenience sampling
b) Random sampling
c) Snowball sampling
d) Stratified sampling
C
You are planning to explore the experiences of patients with rare diseases. Which of
the following is the MOST appropriate sampling strategy?
a) Convenience sampling
b) Random sampling
c) Snowball sampling
d) Stratified sampling
C
You aim to explore participants’ perception of perioperative care. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate research design for this study?
a) Experimental study
b) Descriptive correlational study
c) Descriptive qualitative study
d) Cohort study
C
Which of the following statements BEST describes qualitative research?
a) The use of close-ended questions to solicit an in-depth understanding
b) Using numerical data to describe participants’ experiences
c) The use of interviews to gather information about a phenomenon of interest
d) Qualitative research seeks to generalize its findings
C
You are interested in understanding the developing a theory to understand the
mechanisms of resilience among undergraduate students. Which of the following qualitative approach is MOST suitable?
a) Grounded theory
b) Phenomenology
c) Ethnography
d) Participatory action research
A.
Grounded theory: when you want to develop a theory about a process, behavior, or phenomenon, such as understanding the mechanisms of resilience among undergraduate students. It involves collecting and analyzing data to identify patterns and build a theory grounded in the data.
Phenomenology: Focuses on exploring and understanding people’s lived experiences of a phenomenon. This approach is not primarily aimed at developing a theory but rather at capturing the essence of an experience (e.g., “What is it like to experience resilience as a student?”).
c) Ethnography: Studies the culture or social practices of a group. While it could explore how students navigate their environment, it focuses on cultural and social aspects rather than developing a theory.
e.g. Studying the culture of undergraduate students in a particular institution.
Participatory Action Research: Involves collaboration with participants to solve a problem or bring about change in their community. This approach is more action-oriented and less focused on theory development.
e.g. Working with students to co-design strategies for building resilience
What is the primary goal of quantitative research?
a) To explore and describe a phenomenon in-depth
b) To identify patterns and relationships between variables
c) To generate new theories and hypotheses
d) To understand the subjective experiences of participants
B
The key defining characteristic of experimental research is that:
a) The independent variable is manipulated
b) Hypotheses are proved
c) A positive correlation exists
d) Samples are large
A
