Quizlet Blood Vessels Flashcards
Blood is carried away from the heart by?
systemic and pulmonary arteries
Which of the following arteries is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk?
right subclavian
Which artery enters the skull through the foramen magnum?
vertebral
Which of the following arteries is/are NOT a branch(es) of the aorta?
pulmonary arteries
The _______ is the part of the aorta that passes through the diaphragm
descending aorta
The circle of Willis provides blood supply to the _______.
Brain
The basilar artery is formed by the union of the _______ arteries.
Vertebral
Which of the following vessels return blood directly into the inferior vena cava?
hepatic veins and common iliac veins
The longest vein in the human body is the _______.
great saphenous
Which of the following veins is/are most responsible for draining blood from the head?
internal jugular
Which of the following is the largest artery in the thigh?
Femoral
If your total blood volume is 5 liters, the volume in your veins and venules at any given time is about _______.
3 liters
Contraction of skeletal muscles in the leg causes blood to be pumped toward the heart because?
proximal valves open and distal valves close
Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for control of systemic vascular resistance on a moment-to-moment basis?
arterioles
The most immediate result of increased skeletal muscle contraction and increased respiratory rate (activating the “respiratory pump”) would be?
Increase venous return to the heart
Stimulation of baroreceptors in large arteries of the head and neck, triggers sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle, resulting in?
Vasoconstriction
If blood pressure drops, negative feedback mechanisms trigger?
ncreased heart rate, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction
Which of the following chemical changes in blood is least likely to activate chemoreceptors (in aorta and carotids) to signal the cardiovascular center to increase heart rate?
High blood level of O2
The blood that flows to the left arm passes through the _______.
left subclavian artery
The right radial and right ulnar arteries are branches of the right _______ artery
Brachial
True or false: The kidneys are supplied with blood from branches of the celiac artery.
False
The precapillary sphincters
are structures that regulate the flow of blood to what?
The capillaries
True or false: The greater the diameter of the lumen of a blood vessel, the lower the resistance to blood flow through that vessel.
True
True or false: When blood pressure increases, the cardiovascular center responds by increasing parasympathetic stimulation and decreasing sympathetic stimulation.
True
The ability of a tissue to adjust it’s blood flow is called what?
Autoregulation
Blood flows through the blood vessels because of the establishment of what?
A pressure gradient
Supplying additional fat tissue with blood may raise blood pressure because of an increase in what?
Total vessel length
What is formed by reuniting capillaries?
Venules
What are the medium-sized vessels capable of high degree of vasoconstriction and vasodialation called?
muscular arteries
Elastic arteries are very stretchable and able to do what?
Recoil
What regulates the blood flow in the capillaries?
the arterioles
Filteration of substances out of capillaries occurs when the capillary blood pressure is _______ and blood colloid osmotic pressure is ______.
High, low
Which hormones have opposite effects on blood pressure?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
True or false: Walls of arteries are generally thicker and contain more elastic tissue than walls of veins.
True
Blood flows slowly through the capillaries to permit what to occur between the blood and body cells?
efficient exchange of nutrients an wastes
What leads to the lungs?
Pulmonary trunk
What returns blood from the lungs to the heart?
the pulmonary vein
Will an increase in cardic output increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increase it
Will hemorrhage increase or decrease blood pressure?
Decrease it
Will vasodialation increase or decrease blood pressure?
Decrease it
Will vasoconstriction increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increase it
Aldosterone affects blood pressure by increasing reabsoption of what by the kidneys?
Sodium ions and water
Venous return to the heart is enhanced by the pressure difference from venules to what?
Left ventricle
Paralysis called “ lock Down syndrome” conscious but unable to move
Basilar stroke
Safety mechanism if one of the arteries gets blocked, still provides the brain with blood
Circle of Willis
