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Anantomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Between two lungs in the thoracic cavity, 2/3 left of the midline.

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2
Q

What is the pointed end of the heart? What is it formed by?

A

Apex, formed by left ventricle, and rest of the diaphragm.

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3
Q

The heart is located within the Mediastinum, what is the mediastinum?

A

Anatomical region that includes all visceral organs within the thoracic cavity except for lungs.

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4
Q

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart and holds it in place?

A

Pericardium

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5
Q

What two parts does the Pericardium consist of?

A

Fibrous pericardium & serous pericardium.

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6
Q

Dense tough connective tissue that prevents overstretching of the heart, anchors heart in place.

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

Movement of the diaphragm as in deep breathing, facilitated what movement?

A

Movement of blood by the heart.

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8
Q

Thinner more delicate membrane that forms double layer around heart?

A

Serous pericardium

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9
Q

Where are the two parts of the serous pericardium located?

A

Partial layer- fused to fibrous pericardium.

Epicardium- inner visceral layer adheres tightly to heart.

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10
Q

Visceral layers of the serous pericardium is a thin film of lubricating fluid. Reduces friction between the membranes as the heart moves.

A

Pericardial fluid

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11
Q

Space that contains pericardial fluid?

A

Pericardial cavity

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12
Q

Inflammation of the pericardium?

A

Pericarditis

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13
Q

Thin transparent outer layer of the heart?

A

Epicardium

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14
Q

Consist of cardiac muscle tissue, which constitutes the bulk of the heart. (Middle layer).

A

Myocardium

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15
Q

Myocardium function?

A

Pump action of the heart

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16
Q

Two separate networks via gap junctions in intercalated disc?

A

Atrial and ventricular

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17
Q

Thin layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside of the myocardium?

A

Endocardium

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18
Q

How many chambers does the heart consist of?

A

4 chambers

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19
Q

What are the two upper chambers and two lower chambers of the heart?

A

Atria and ventricles

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20
Q

Thin partition between right and left atrium?

A

Interstitial septum

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21
Q

Oval depression tenant of foramen ovalis?

A

Fossa Ovalis

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22
Q

Opening in the fetal heart that directs blood from the right to left atrium in order bypass the non functioning fetal lungs?

A

Foramen ovals

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23
Q

Separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle?

A

Interventricular septum

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24
Q

Pouchlike structure on the anterior surface of each atrium, resembles dog ears.

A

Auricle

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25
Q

Increases the capacity of an atrium so it can hold greater volume of blood.

A

Auricle

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26
Q

Encircles most of the heart and marks the boundary between the superior atria and inferior ventricles.

A

Coronary sulcus

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27
Q

External boundary between two chambers of the heart?

A

Sulci

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28
Q

Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from?

A

Superior and inferior vena Cavs

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29
Q

Drains heart muscle veins?

A

Coronary sinus

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30
Q

Function of superior and inferior vena cava?

A

Bring me blood from above and below heart.

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31
Q

Great vessels of heart- Right

A

Superior and inferior vena Cavs delivers deoxygenated blood to R. atrium to the R. Ventricle. Pumps through Pulmonary trunk to R & L Pulmonary arteries to the lungs.

32
Q

Great Vessels of heart- Left

A

Pulmonary veins from lungs receive oxygenated blood to L.atrium to L. ventricle to ascending aorta to the body.

33
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

34
Q

Structure between Pulmonary trunk and arch of the aorta?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

35
Q

Blood vessel in fetal circulation that allows most blood to bypass the nonfunctional fetal lungs?

A

Ductus arteriosus

36
Q

Prevents blood back flow in response to pressure changes?

A

Valve

37
Q

Valve between sat round and ventricles?

A

Atrioventricular valve

38
Q

Right valve

A

Tricuspid valve ( 3 cups)

39
Q

Left valve ?

A

Bicuspid valve

40
Q

Semilunar valves near origin of aorta pulmonary trunk. What are there functions?

A

Pulmonary valve and aortic valve. Prevent blood from flowing back into the heart.

41
Q

Connect the pointed ends to the papillary muscle.

A

Chordae tendineae

42
Q

Cardiac muscle projections located on the inner surface of the ventricles?

A

Papillary muscles

43
Q

Narrowing of aortic valve is known as?

A

Aortic stenosis

44
Q

Blackflow of blood from aorta into left ventricle is known as?

A

Aortic insuffiency

45
Q

May damage heart valves, caused by streptococcal infection?

A

Rheumatic

46
Q

Deoxygenated blood flows through coronary sinus and empties into the right atrium.

A

Coronary sinus

47
Q

Reduced blood flow to the heart ( results in hypoxia).

A

Myocardial ischemia

48
Q

“ strangled heart” tightness or squeezing in the chest with referred pain pattern into neck, chin, and left arm.

A

Angina pectoris

49
Q

No pain prior to heart attack.

A

Silent myocardial ischemia

50
Q

Recording of currents from cardiac conduction on skin.

A

Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)

51
Q

Small upward deflection on ECG, it represents atrail depolarization. Contraction begins right after peak.

A

P wave

52
Q

Represents onset of ventricular depolarization. Contraction of a ventricle.

A

QRS complex

53
Q

Indicates ventricular depolarization, just after ventricles relax.

A

T-Wave

54
Q

Uncoordinated contraction of the atrial muscles.

A

Atrial fibrillation

55
Q

Phase of contraction

A

Systole

56
Q

Phase of relaxation

A

Diastole

57
Q

Blood pressure readings are systolic over diastolic

A

(120/80 mmHg)

58
Q

How long does a cardiac cycle last?

A

Total seconds= 0.8 sec

59
Q

The atria are contracting, at the same time, the ventricles are relaxed.

A

Atrial systole

60
Q

Ventricles are contracting, at the same time, the atria are relaxed.

A

Ventricular systole

61
Q

End-diastolic volume - end systolic volume=

A

Stroke volume

62
Q

Lubb- 1st heart sound=

A

AV valves closing at the beginning of ventricular systole.

63
Q

Dupp-2nd heart sound=

A

Semilunar valves closing at the end of ventricular systole.

64
Q

Relaxation period=

A

Pause

65
Q

Lubb - Dupp=

A

Pause

66
Q

Abnormal sound consisting of a clicking rushing or gurgling noise after normal heart sounds.

A

Heart murmur

67
Q

Heart is a failing pump. It pumps blood less and less effectively, leaving more blood in the ventricles at the end of each cycle.

A

Congestive heart failure(CHf)

68
Q

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve

69
Q

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

70
Q

Chamber that pumps blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

71
Q

Chamber that pumps blood into aorta

A

Left ventricle

72
Q

Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

A

Left atrium

73
Q

Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body

A

Right atrium

74
Q

Valve between the left ventricle and aorta

A

Aortic valve

75
Q

Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary valve

Anantomy (12 decks)

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