Blood Vessels And Circulation Flashcards
True or false: blood flows from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure.
True
Type of blood vessel that carry blood away from heart to body tissues.
Arteries
Smaller version of arteries delivers blood to capillaries. These regulate blood flow via construction and dilation ( blood pressure)
Arterioles
Microscopic version of previous answer located within tissues/ organs through which materials are exchanged between blood and interstitial fluid. Walls thin for diffusion.
Capillaries ( these connect to arterioles and venules)
Type of blood vessel that carries blood from tissues back to heart l?
Veins
These are small veins where capillaries reunite in tissue
Venules
Since veins contain so much of the body’s blood (64%), certain veins function as what? What regions of the body largely contain these veins with function ?
Blood Reserviors, veins of abdominal organs (liver/spleen) and skin
How many layers compose of walls of blood vessels? Which layer of composed of smooth muscle?
3 layers, middle layer
The hollow space through which blood flows in blood vessels is known as what ?
Lumen
Decrease in the diameter of the hollow space in blood vessels (previous question) when the smooth muscle in the walls contract is known as what?
Vasoconstriction
What chemicals can cause relaxation of the smooth muscle in blood vessel walls to increase the diameter in which blood flows l? What does this cause?
Nitric oxide and Latin acid, causes vasodilation
A type of artery with the largest diameter, high proportions of elastic fibers in middle layer, walls relatively thin, are known as what? They help propel blood onward while ventricles relax via stretching their walls to handle blood surge.
Elastic arteries
A type of artery that’s medium-sized, contain more smooth muscle, are capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to better control blood flow? List two examples.
Muscular artery, brachial artery, radial artery
What is this condition characterized by a weakened section of a blood vessel wall that bulges outward, creating a balloon/ like sac. If left untreated, this can burst and cause hemorrhage, stroke, or death.
Aneurysm
Capillaries are present near almost every cell of the body, but their number varies depending on metabolic activity of the tissue they serve. What are examples of tissues with lower capillary counts? What tissues have no capillaries at all?
Tendons and ligaments, the cornea and lens of the eye as well as cartilage have none
A type of capillary found in the liver, these mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, are large but thin-walled with large intercellular clefts.
Sinusoids
Extensive capillary branching networks known as?
Capillary beds
Capillary filling is controlled by what two things?
Small arterioles and precapillary sphincters
When precapillary Sphinters contract causing less blood flow through capillaries this creates what?
Thorough fare channels
Is capillary filling considered autoregulating or not ?
Autorrgulating
True or false: Lois flows faster through capillaries than through larger blood vessels?
False- slower means flower flow, allowing time for gas/material exchange
The movement of substances into and out of capillaries, the prime mission of the cardiovascular system, is known as?
Capillary exchange
Capillary blood pressure is the pressure of blood against capillary walls, this pushes fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid. What is the opposing pressure that pulls fluid into capillaries?
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
Fluid movement in capillaries where water and solutes flow out of the blood capillary into surrounding fluid is?
Filtration
Fluid movement in capillaries where water and solutes move from interstitial fluid into blood capillary is?
Reabsorption
About how much of filtered fluid is reabsorbed into blood capillaries? What happens to excess fluid?
85%, excess cycled through lymphatic system and eventually returned to cardiovascular system
Veins are structurally like arteries, what few things are different though?
Middle and inner layers are thinner, lumen larger than corresponding artery, contains balanced that prevent blood backflow
This condition occurs when weak venous valves increase venous blood pressure via gravity, thereby pushing against walls of veins which then lose their elasticity.
Varicose veins
True or false: blood flows from a cut artery slowly and evenly, whereas blood flow from veins gushing in spurts.
False: artery blood flows in spurts and vein blood is constant
Which blood vessel, artery or vein, is considered closer to the skin surface and is where blood is collected for blood test ?
Veins
Venous return is volume of blood flowing back to the heart through systematic veins, what 3 ways generates pressure to ensure this return?
Contractions of heart, skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump
This method of venous return involves the compression of abdominal veins when diaphragm descends for inhalation, thereby forcing blood upward towards heart. Valves prevent backflow during exhalation?
Respitory pump
This method of venous return involves working the valves via muscle contraction in the veins to overcome gravity. Muscles contracting squeeze( or milk) the blood in the veins by opening valves closer to the heart while closing distal valves.
Skeletal muscle pump
This condition occurs when the cardiovascular center system doesent deliver enough oxygen, resulting in loss of body fluids ( hemorrhage), thrist, altered mental state, and fast but weak pulse.
Shock
Contractions in the heart ventricles generates what? This is the pressure exerted by blood on walls of blood vessels.
Blood pressure
Highest measured in body ? Blood pressure
Aorta and large systemic arteries
This is the standard (unit) of measure for BP
Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)
True or false: BP rises when body’s total blood volume decreases over 10%
False: blood pressure drops with volume decreases over 10%. Water retention increases volume thereby increasing BP
The opposition to blood flow due to friction between blood and walls of blood vessels ( determined by lumen, blood thickness, blood vessel length), is known as?
Vascular resistance
Review baroreceptor and CV center of medulla page 602-602
Read
What is considered a normal heart rate for a resting adult?
75 bpm (60-80)
Where are common places to find someone’s pulse? Which arteries?
Neck/throat- Coratid, elbow, brachial, radial
The device used to measure blood pressure is called?
Sphygmomanometer (pressure cuff)
Which heart chamber is generating the BP that’s measured?
Left ventricle during systole & diastole
The sounds heard in the stethoscope when using a BP cuff are called?
Korotkoff sounds
The first sound heard through a stethoscope as pressure is released from the cuff corresponds with?
Systolic blood pressure
The last faint sound heard through a stethoscope as pressure is released from the cuff corresponds with?
Diastolic blood pressure
Name the most common disorder affecting the heart and blood vessels, affecting about 50 million Americans.
Hypertension
Which circulatory route includes arteries and arterioles that carry oxygenated blood and nutrients from left ventricle to systemic capillaries throughout the body with venules and veins returning blood to the right atrium.
Systemic circulation.
Which circulatory route involves deoxygenated blood leaving the right ventricle to the air sacs of the lungs to receive oxygen to the left atrium?
Pulmonary circulation
Which shade of red is oxygenated blood?
Bright red
Which shade of red is deoxygenated blood?
Dark red, appearing blue through skin
After birth, which veins are the only type to carry oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
What does fetal circulation do?
Little babies getting oxygen/ nutrients from their moms when in the womb
The exchange of gas/nutrients occurs between the babies and their moms through this organ.
Placenta
True or false: blood from moms normally mix with their babies in fetal circulation.
False
What is the opening in the babies heart between the two atria, which is where blood can flow from the right atrium to left atrium, bypassing the right ventricle since their little lungs are not yet functional?
Foramen oval, closes to become fossa ovalis after birth
Vessel between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in baby hearts before birth through which blood bypasses their non functional lungs is what ?
Ductus arteriosus
What general changes occur to the cardiovascular system through aging?
Stiffness of aorta, reduction of cardiac muscle fiber size, decline in max heart rate
