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Health Promotion - Nrsg 130 > Quiz Unit C Growth & Development > Flashcards

Quiz Unit C Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

At what age ranges do these periods occur: prenatal, infancy, toddler, preschool, school-age, adolescence, young adult, and older adult?

A

Prenatal = conception to birth; Infancy = 0-12 months; Toddler = 1-3 years; Preschool = 3-6 yrs; School age = 6-12 yrs; Adolescence (brain damage) = 12-20/25 yrs; Young adult = 20/25-45/50; Middle age = 45/50-65/70; Older adults = 65/70 and older

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2
Q

In what way are all people the same? Different?

A

We all have the same basic needs, but are different developmentally

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3
Q

What growth is charted for infants?

A

Weight, length, and head circumference

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4
Q

What is the best reflection of true growth in an infant or child?

A

Serial measurements.

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5
Q

Human growth has a _____, is _____ directed and includes both _____ and _____.

A

Purpose; Goal; Gain and loss

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6
Q

How would you describe continuity and discontinuity?

A

Continuity = cumulative change, it is gradual in nature. Discontinuity = abrupt changes, that may include regression

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7
Q

What are the 3 critical periods of growth?

A

Prenatal, middle-age, and old-age

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8
Q

What are the 4 competencies of development?

A

Cognitive, emotional, physical, and social

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9
Q

Describe cognitive competency.

A

Learn how to perceive, think, and solve problems

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10
Q

Describe emotional competency.

A

Learn awareness and acceptance of self, how to cope with stress, and responsibility for own actions

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11
Q

Describe physical competency.

A

Achieve motor and neurologic competence and be able to care for yourself

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12
Q

Describe social competency.

A

Learn how to affiliate with family first, then others

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13
Q

What is dendritic branching? Pruning?

A

Increase in neuronal cells via stimulation. Loss of neuronal tissue due to lack of stimulation

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14
Q

What body system is the primary determinant of growth?

A

The central nervous system

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15
Q

What is the “Principle of Readiness”?

A

It states that the ability to perform tasks depends on maturation of neurologic structures within the brain, and also on maturation of muscle and skeletal systems

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16
Q

What are the 3 principles of differentiation?

A

Development proceeds from simple to complex, homogeneous to heterogeneous, and general to specific

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17
Q

What are the 3 directional growth patterns?

A

Cephalocaudal (head to tail), proximodistal (from the center out), and bilateral

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18
Q

What is the principle of asynchronous growth?

A

Different parts grow at different rates. For example, the head is 50% of total body length at the 3rd month of intrauterine growth, 30% at birth, and only 12% at adulthood

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19
Q

What single word explains physiologic equilibrium?

A

Survival

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20
Q

What reflexes reflect survival mode?

A

Rooting and sucking, also called the oral stage of development

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21
Q

According to Piaget, what period involves mastering simple physical activities?

A

Sensorimotor stage (birth-2 years)

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22
Q

What developmental stage did Erikson prescribe to the 0-18 month age?

A

Trust/mistrust. Infant needs maximum gratification, minimum frustration

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23
Q

Name the 11 categories of Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns?

A

Activity (exercise), cognitive (perceptual), coping (stress tolerance), elimination, health (perception/maintenance), nutrition, roles (relationships), self-perception/concept, sexuality, sleep, values

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24
Q

What is the Denver Developmental Screening II Test used for?

A

It is used to see if children and infants are meeting certain developmental milestones within the normal age range

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25
Q

What is the most common type of accident after the 4th month of life?

A

Falling

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26
Q

What type of immunity passes from mom to newborn?

A

Passive immunization. It is short term

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27
Q

What is active immunization?

A

The body is stimulated to produce antibodies, as when a vaccine is given. This is long term.

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28
Q

Why don’t children get aspirin?

A

Reyes syndrome

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29
Q

How long is a child car seat rear facing?

A

1 year or 20 pounds

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30
Q

How fast can the inside temp of a car reach dangerous levels?

A

15-30 minutes

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31
Q

How fast does a toddler grow?

A

2-4 inches per year. 4-6 pounds per year. Head measured up to 2 years old

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32
Q

How are toddlers taught health care management?

A

By ritual (brushing teeth) and by identifying with others in the family (nutrition/exercise)

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33
Q

By what age are initial immunizations completed?

A

By 18 months

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34
Q

When are the primary teeth all in?

A

By age 3

35
Q

When is the first dental visit for a child?

A

Usually done at some time during the toddler stage

36
Q

If a toddler wants a bottle at bedtime, what should you give them and why?

A

Do not give them a bottle of sugar, like coke or fruit juice, or even milk. Give them water.

37
Q

Should you punish the little brats over food?

A

It should be minimized.

38
Q

As for toilet training, daytime dryness should be accomplished by age _____.

A

3

39
Q

What are some prerequisite skills for potty training?

A

Walk, stoop and recover, stay dry at least 2 hours straight

40
Q

What type of play is common in toddlers?

A

Parallel

41
Q

How much sleep does a toddler need? What is a common sleep disturbance for toddlers?

A
  1. Night terrors
42
Q

Describe a night terror episode and what to do about it?

A

The child cries out but doesn’t awaken. Try not to wake the child. Should go back to sleep within 5-10 minutes

43
Q

What is Erikson’s developmental task for toddlers?

A

Autonomy vs shame/doubt

44
Q

What is Piaget’s toddler stage?

A

They move from sensorimotor (birth-2yrs) to preoperational. Egocentrism and object permanence develop

45
Q

When is Autism usually diagnosed?

A

In toddlers 18-30 months

46
Q

What is the leading cause of hearing loss in toddlers?

A

Otitis media

47
Q

What poisonous plants did she mention in her power point?

A

Poinsettia, amaryllis, aloe vera, English ivy, mistletoe, mums, and spider plants

48
Q

What is SCHIP? What are some of its benefits?

A

State children’s health insurance program, which includes Anthem’s Hoosier Healthwise, and The Healthy Indiana Plan. It reduces risk for LBW and birth defects

49
Q

How much do preschoolers grow?

A

4.4 pounds (2 kg) and 2.8 inches (7 cm) per year

50
Q

How do preschoolers view pain and illness?

A

As punishment

51
Q

What play styles are prevalent in preschoolers?

A

Imitation and fantasy

52
Q

How much sleep does a preschooler need?

A

8-12 hours

53
Q

What sleep disturbances do preschoolers have?

A

They have night terrors and nightmares

54
Q

What type of bedtime behavior needs further assessment?

A

Demanding behavior that extends beyond 1 year, or an episode that lasts more than 1 hour

55
Q

How long does their bedtime rituals normally last?

A

30-45 minutes is normal and should be respected

56
Q

Who is a common playmate of preschoolers?

A

An imaginary friend

57
Q

What is Erikson’s stage for preschoolers?

A

Initiative vs guilt

58
Q

What type of sexuality does a preschooler exhibit?

A

They know the difference between the sexes and associate with the same sex

59
Q

What types of coping strategies do preschoolers employ?

A

Doll/puppet play. Storytelling (the dog did it)

60
Q

Have preschoolers developed a conscience yet?

A

Not fully

61
Q

What models a preschooler’s behavior?

A

They control behavior to attain parental approval/love

62
Q

What is the leading cause of death among toddlers and preschoolers?

A

Accidental injury, such as MVA

63
Q

When are Dtap and MMR boosters given?

A

Dtap is given in the 4th year and MMR is given between 4 and 6 years of age

64
Q

What is Autism?

A

It is a spectrum of chronic developmental disorders affecting social interactions, communication, and interests/activities. It is believed to be genetic, may be initially noted in infancy, but is most often noted during the toddler stage, mostly in boys

65
Q

What are some common childhood cancers, and at what age does its incidence taper off?

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) incidence tapers off at age 5 (most common childhood cancer, Wilms tumor). Retinoblastoma, and neuroblastoma usually occur before the age of 5

66
Q

What causes asthma in children? What causes exacerbations of it?

A

Genetics, allergens, infections, exercise, weather, stress. Tobacco smoke, pollutants, allergens

67
Q

When is visual maturity achieved?

A

By age 6-7

68
Q

How much do school age children grow?

A

On average, they grow about 2 inches (5 cm) and gain 5-6 pounds a year (2-3 kg)

69
Q

When should we start blood pressure checks?

A

In school age children (5-12)

70
Q

What does Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns emphasize for school kids?

A

Monitor/reinforce preventative practices, model health promoting behaviors at home and school

71
Q

How many Kcals do school kids need?

A

1200-1800 per day

72
Q

How is obesity defined among school kids?

A

BMI >95th percentile for age/gender, or BMI >30

73
Q

What is primary and secondary enuresis?

A

In primary, the child never had bladder control, with secondary, they have some control, but have accidents, like night time bed wetting.

74
Q

What is encopresis?

A

Pooping your pants after age 4

75
Q

How much sleep do school kids need?

A

8-12 hours

76
Q

What are some common sleep problems for school kids?

A

Sleep walking and sleep talking

77
Q

What is Piaget’s stage for school kids?

A

Concrete operations. No abstract thinking yet, but less egocentric

78
Q

What is Erikson’s stage for school kids?

A

Industry vs inferiority. Mastering tasks

79
Q

What parent do school age kids identify with?

A

Same sex parent

80
Q

What is somatization?

A

It is the transfer of feelings to physical problems (I’m upset, so my stomach hurts and I can’t go to school).

81
Q

What is Kohlberg’s stage for school kids?

A

They begin in the preconventional stage (more egocentric), and slowly switch to the conventional stage (more concern about group interest/values) Lying, cheating, and stealing are common problems

82
Q

What is the minimum recommended age for riding an ATV?

A

16

83
Q

What diseases are common during the school age years?

A

Strep, otitis media, gastroenteritis (viral), scabies, and lice

84
Q

What immunizations are recommended during the school years?

A

HPV, Hepatitis B, meningitis, varicella

Health Promotion - Nrsg 130 (7 decks)

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