Quiz Unit B Flashcards
_____ theory of moral development is related to societal values and norms.
Kohlberg’s
What is autonomy?
Freedom of action/self-determination
What is beneficence?
To do good. Can conflict with autonomy
What is veracity?
Devotion to the truth
Define malfeasance.
Not harming others
Define justice.
Fairness
What are the 3 main stages in Kohlberg’s theory?
Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional
What are the goals of each stage?
In the pre-conventional, the goals are avoiding punishment and gaining reward. In the conventional stage, it is gaining approval and avoiding disproval. In the post-conventional, it is to agree upon rights, set personal and moral standards, and justice
When can confidentiality be breached?
If extreme harm to the patient or others is imminent
What government mandate is the privacy rule presented under?
HIPPA
What must you have to maintain your veracity towards a specific patient?
Knowledge about the patient’s lifestyle preferences, beliefs, and values
Does nonmalfeasance include unintentional harm?
Yes
What can beneficence interfere with?
Autonomy
_____ is the interference of a state or individual with another person, claiming that they will be better off/protected from harm.
Paternalism
What are the 2 socially oriented views on justice?
Justice based on deserving-those who contribute more deserve more, and Justice based on fairness, all deserve the same
What does applied ethics use to formulate theories?
Moral philosophy
Is it best to ascribe to a single moral theory, or to combine principles derived from many of them?
Combine them
Who are health care professionals accountable to?
To society as a whole and to the individuals who must trust us for care
Besides good care, what is another main responsibility that ensures we give good care?
We must recognize and address barriers to care
Define advocacy.
Aggressive action taken on behalf of society and individuals to protect or secure their rights
What is the basic premise of provision 1 of the ANA code of ethics?
We give proper care regardless of our personal feelings
What is the basic premise of provision 2 of the ANA code of ethics?
A nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, or community
What is the basic premise of provision 3 of the ANA code of ethics?
We are advocates
Does provision 3 of the ANA code of ethics provide absolute regimen’s for patient protection, or just guidelines?
Guideline. The nurse must balance the pts right to privacy with protecting the pt from harm
What does provision 4 of the ANA code of ethics state?
The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice AND the delegation of tasks
What does provision 5 of the ANA code of ethics state?
The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others
What does provision 6 of the ANA code of ethics state?
The nurse participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving health care
What does provision 7 of the ANA code of ethics state?
The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession
What does provision 8 of the ANA code of ethics state?
The nurse collaborates with other health care professionals and the public
What does provision 9 of the ANA code of ethics state?
The profession of nursing is responsible for articulating nursing values, maintaining integrity and practice, and shaping societal policy
What is the difference between an issue and a dilemma?
An issue is an ethical problem in which a choice must be made. A dilemma, which can arise from unresolved issues, is a situation where a choice must be made btwn 2 or more undesirable options
Health promotion is the assessment of _____ as well as _____.
Strengths. Deficits.
What is the foundation for NANDA nursing diagnosis?
Gordon’s functional health patterns
What are the 5 characteristics/foci of Gordon’s health patterns?
Patterns (over time), Individual-environmental, Age, Functional (ADL levels), Cultural
How many interdependent patterns are there?
11
If a pattern is functional, it is a _____, but if it is dysfunctional, it becomes a _____ _____.
Strength. Nursing diagnosis
Each pattern reflects a _____ spiritual expression. Whose perspective is considered in this theory?
Biopsychosocial. Both the individuals and the nurses
What assessment parameters are used in the Health Perception/Health Management Pattern?
Current health practices, previous pattern adherence, use of healthcare system, system access, health perceptions/beliefs, reasons for past failures
What are some problems caused by global warming?
Vector borne illness, heat stroke, MI, Respiratory diseases, bronchitis, asthma
What are some negative effects to the compromise of the ozone layer?
Sunburn, compromised immune system and associated diseases, cataracts, non-melanoma and malignant melanoma skin cancers
Who is harmed most by the ozone depletion?
The very young, the very old, and those with respiratory dysfunction
What problems does acid rain cause in patients?
Cardiac and respiratory diseases
What does yellow dye number 5 cause in some children?
Hyperactivity
What is the problem with using antibiotics in animals we eat?
It MAY cause resistance in humans
What problems does mercury cause in patients?
It can cause learning disabilities/retardation in children, and damage to developing fetuses
What are some foodborne illnesses?
Campylobacter, salmonella, E. coli, calcivirus, Hepatitis A
What are some s/s of Hepatitis A?
Fever, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, N/V
Why do we, as nurses, care about asbestos?
Because it causes lung diseases like asbestosis, cancer, and mesothelioma, and because we need to educate clients about it
How can we help prevent biological contaminants from affecting the lives of our patients?
By educating them about the effects of dust mites, bacteria, mold, pollen, viruses, and animal dander, and education them about good housekeeping and maintenance practices, and proper ventilation/moisture control
What are the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Fatigue, H/A, chest pain, N/V, impaired vision, MI, death
How do we prevent carbon monoxide poisoning?
Educate on proper care of equipment (furnace, generator, water heater), and buying and maintaining carbon monoxide detectors
What are the effects of lead poisoning?
Physical/mental delay/retardation, behavioral disorders, lower IQ, RBC damage, kidney disease, nervous system damage, convulsions/coma/death.
What are the effects of pesticides?
H/A, dizziness, weakness, nausea, liver/kidney disease, endocrine/nervous system damage
What should we know about radon?
It is a breakdown product of uranium in the ground. It causes respiratory difficulties and lung cancer within 2-5yrs of exposure, and test kits are available
Name some category A Biological agents.
Smallpox, anthrax, and bubonic plague. Theses are the worst ones
Name some category B biological agents.
Q fever, ricin, salmonella. Lower mortality potential
Name some category C biological agents
Yellow fever, multi-drug resistant TB
Name the 3 main types of radiological/nuclear particles, and the effect of each on the human body.
Alpha (least penetrating to skin), Beta (can penetrate skin), and Gamma (can pass thru human body and be absorbed by tissues)
70% of all terrorist attacks in the US are perpetrated with the use of explosives. What are some of the effects on the human body from an explosion?
It can move liquid within the lungs into the gas area causing hemorrhage, rupture of tympanic membranes
What are the 3 phases to disaster response?
Activation, implementation, and recovery
What is done during the activation phase of disaster response?
Survey damage and establish communications
What is done during the implementation phase of disaster response?
Search and rescue
What is done during the recovering phase of disaster response?
Reassess for missed victims and debrief
The joint commission requires hospitals to have a disaster plan. What 4 steps are required?
Mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery
What are some items we should carry in an emergency response tote bag?
ID, flashlight, batteries, portable radio, bottled water, important family documents, and first aid/hygiene products
Name the proper steps to family intervention.
Explain, validate forces pulling the family apart, encourage openness, help with coping, refer to counseling
