QUIZ: System Restoration (Manual 36) Flashcards
1
Q
- Annual restoration training should include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Time restoration will be complete
b. Building of cranking paths
c. Restoration priorities
d. Reestablishing the interconnection
A
a. Time restoration will be complete
2
Q
- There is/are ________ level(s) of cross zonal coordination
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
A
c. Three
3
Q
- Cranking power to neighboring companies is to be supplied as a priority to restoring internal customer load
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
4
Q
- Which PJM manual focuses on how PJM and the PJM members are expected to respond to system disturbance conditions or a system blackout?
a. M-3
b. M-13
c. M-14
d. M-36
A
d. M-36
5
Q
- Level one of cross zonal coordination refers to:
a. Supplying critical load and/or customer load pockets across TO zones
b. Supplying black start generation from outside a TO zone to meet that zones critical load requirements
c. Restoration coordination between 3 or more zones
d. Combining TO restoration plans into a combined plan for a newly defined restoration region
A
b. Supplying black start generation from outside a TO zone to meet that zones critical load requirements
6
Q
- PJM monitors the progress of the restoration process and coordinates any needed assistance EXCEPT:
a. Developing and calculating ACE as required
b. Identifying opportunities for interconnection
c. Coordinating internal schedules
d. Coordinating and directing all 500kv and above transmission restoration
A
c. Coordinating internal schedules
7
Q
- The PJM restoration manual (M36) must be reviewed (at a min) on a/an ______ basis for updates and changes through the PJM systems operation subcommittee
a. Monthly
b. Quarterly
c. Semi-annual
d. Annual
A
d. Annual
8
Q
- Critical load consists of the following EXCEPT:
a. Steam units that cannot be supplied by resources other than black start
b. Cranking power to all units with a hot start time 4 hours or less
c. Off-site nuclear station light and power
d. Critical natural gas infrastructure
A
a. Steam units that cannot be supplied by resources other than black start
9
Q
- Offsite _______ power should be restored as soon as possible to nuclear units
a. Cranking
b. EHV
c. Shutdown
d. Startup
A
c. Shutdown
10
Q
- Transmission owners must include available cranking power and transmission paths in their restoration manuals
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
11
Q
- During restoration, the _______ acts as coordinator and disseminator of information related to generation and transmission availability
a. TO system operator
b. GO system operator
c. PJM system operator
d. NERC RC
A
c. PJM system operator
12
Q
- Transmission path from a black start unit to another generator with the intent to facilitate startup of that generator is referred to as:
a. Energizing path
b. Cranking path
c. Restoration path
d. Startup path
A
b. Cranking path
13
Q
- Synchronization, in the electric industry, is the process of matching the _____, _____, and _______ of a generator or other source to a “running” network (circle all that apply)
a. Speed
b. Current
c. Frequency
d. Voltage
A
all except b
14
Q
- The PJM members are responsible for developing and maintaining the following in the restoration plan EXCEPT:
a. Plan and procedures outlining the relationships and responsibilities of the personnel necessary to implement system restoration
b. The necessary operating instructions and procedures for restoring loads, including identification of critical load requirements
c. Available outside assistance during restoration
d. Provision for a reliable black start capability plan including available cranking & transmission paths
A
c. Available outside assistance during restoration
15
Q
- According to PJM, during system restoration, which entity has the responsibility to direct the loading of generation?
a. Generator owner
b. PJM
c. Generation operator
d. Transmission owner
A
d. Transmission owner
16
Q
- When interconnecting islands, how do you know your system is stable? (Select 2)
a. Small deviations in the frequency and voltage when restoring load
b. The overall inertia of the generators will be decreased once interconnected
c. Load is being picked up with automatic under frequency relaying enabled
d. Adequate operating reserves
A
a. and c
17
Q
- If a change to the capability of a black start resource affects the ability of the generator to meet the TOP’s individual restoration plan, the GOP shall notify the TOP of the known changes within:
a. 4 hours
b. 8 hours
c. 16 hours
d. 24 hours
A
d. 24 hours
18
Q
- Which of the following loads are considered as “critical loads” by PJM?
a. Two independent feeds into each nuclear facility for station start up
b. Power to pumping plants for underground cables
c. Gas infrastructure equipment
d. Light and power to critical substations
A
c. Gas infrastructure equipment
19
Q
- The uncontrolled loss of multiple system facilities or load, whether because of loss of synchronism, voltage collapse, or thermal overload defines which of the following black out causes?
a. Generator tripping
b. Voltage collapse
c. Cascade event
d. Dynamic instability
A
c. Cascade event
20
Q
- Which of the following would be considered pre-tie preparations when interconnecting islands? (Select 2)
a. Identification of the transmission line to tie areas together
b. Ensure reliable communications are available for all entities involved in interconnecting
c. Recalculation of reserves
d. Provide updated hydroelectric capabilities
A
a & b
21
Q
- For each transmission zone that has a critical load requirement, PJM will ensure, at a minimum, an allocation of how many Black Start resources?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
A
b. 2
22
Q
- During a restoration process, GO’s are required to update their progress by submitting a report:
a. As conditions on the system change
b. Every 30 minutes
c. For every unit returned to service
d. On an hourly basis
A
d. On an hourly basis
23
Q
- Place the following steps in the appropriate order of determining the generator status from first to last: (Match the following)
a. Determine status of offline generation
b. Prepare offline generation for startup
c. Determine surviving online generation
d. Determine startup sequence of offline generation
e. Stabilize surviving online generation
f. Begin startup of offline generation
A
c, e, a, d, b, f
24
Q
- The ability of a generator to dampen out oscillations caused by relatively minor disturbances through the action of properly tuned control system defines:
a. Steady-state operation
b. Thermal overload control
c. Voltage collapse
d. Dynamic stability
A
d. Dynamic stability
25
Q
- Which of the following equipment can be considered as an acceptable alternative to solely maintaining critical black start units?
a. Out-of-step relaying
b. Under frequency load shed schemes
c. Load rejection schemes
d. Distance relaying
A
c. Load rejection schemes
26
Q
- A generating unit that has equipment enabling it to start without outside electrical supply is:
a. A black start unit
b. A load rejection unit
c. A runback unit
d. A peaking unit
A
a. A black start unit
27
Q
- Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning a system voltage collapse? (Select 2)
a. Can result in system separations and generation trippings
b. Through analysis, the boundaries of separation can be predicted in advance
c. Low reactive loading will cause a deficit in MVAR supply
d. Operating over the “knee” of the voltage curve will cause a voltage collapse
A
a and d
28
Q
- Concerning the PJM requirements for critical black start generation, which of the following statements applies to the unit’s capability to maintain frequency? (Select 2)
a. Dynamic offline testing of the unit’s voltage controls
b. Dynamic offline testing of the unit’s governor control
c. Producing leading and lagging VARS
d. Picking up an isolated block of load
A
b and d
29
Q
- Which of the following would be considered as the “first step” in determining the status of generations after a disturbance or event has occurred?
a. Stabilize surviving online generation
b. Determine what generation has survived the event and is still in service
c. Determine the status of generation that was offline prior to the event
d. Prepare offline generation for start up
A
b. Determine what generation has survived the event and is still in service
30
Q
- The policy of PJM is to maintain, at all times, the integrity of the PJM RTO transmission systems, the Eastern interconnection, and to prevent any unplanned separation of the transmission owners system.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
31
Q
- Who has an obligation to protect their own system’s equipment and reliability?
a. NERC
b. Transmission/Generation owner
c. Generator operator
d. Contractors
A
b. Transmission/Generation owner
32
Q
- The strategy of the PJM system restoration plan is to:
a. Restore the integrity of the interconnection as quickly as possible
b. Buy MWs as cheap as possible
c. Buy MWs as expensive as possible
d. Shed load
A
a. Restore the integrity of the interconnection as quickly as possible
33
Q
- PJM Mid-Atlantic control zone criteria is that if the frequency is at or below what Hz value for 30 seconds, generation and load connected to the same bus may be sequestered?
a. 55.0
b. 58.0
c. 60.0
d. 62.0
A
b. 58.0
34
Q
- The under frequency load shedding schemes vary from control zone to control zone.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
35
Q
- The ComEd control zone consists of three settings with what % reduction of load at each step?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 25%
d. 50%
A
b. 10%
36
Q
- Who is responsible for restoring its zonal customer load with internal generation or through coordinated efforts with other transmission/generation owners and PJM?
a. Transmission owner
b. Transmission operator
c. Generation owner
d. Generation operator
A
a. Transmission owner
37
Q
- Who immediately establishes communications with the transmission owners and adjacent balancing authorities experiencing the disturbance to establish the extent and severity of the separation?
a. NERC
b. RRO
c. PJM system operator
d. FERC
A
c. PJM system operator
38
Q
- There are only how many categories of reserves that are essential and therefore need to be tracked during system restoration?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
A
a. Two
39
Q
- What reserve is defined as the amount of reserve in an area (or subsystem) must be sufficient to allow the system to survive a frequency deviation due to the loss of the largest energy contingency (generation or load)?
a. Synchronous
b. Dynamic
c. Static
d. Spinning
A
b. Dynamic
40
Q
What reserve is required in order to enable an area or subsystem to return to a pre-contingency state (both tie-lines and frequency) as soon as possible after a contingency?
a. Synchronous
b. Dynamic
c. Static
d. Spinning
A
a. Synchronous
41
Q
- PJM system control may progress through three stages depending on existing system conditions. Which one doesn’t apply?
a. Manual control
b. Flat frequency control
c. Manual frequency
d. Tie-line bias control
A
c. Manual frequency
42
Q
- How many parts are there for voice messages?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
A
b. Three
43
Q
- Who must critically assess the content of the message and get clarification if needed before carrying out any action?
a. Receiver
b. Sender
c. Supervisor
d. Manager
A
a. Receiver
44
Q
- What is of critical importance to dispatchers during restoration of the system and to others after the system has been restored?
a. Logging
b. Working
c. Thinking
d. Stalling
A
a. Logging
45
Q
- A system blackout generally causes initial confusion and creates a large number of SCADA alarms and reports.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
46
Q
- What is one of the most critical pieces of equipment in the restoration process?
a. Station battery
b. Additional wires
c. Additional people
d. Poles
A
a. Station battery
47
Q
- What type of reserve has the capability which is required in order to enable an area to restore its tie-lines or other facilities to pre-contingency state as soon as possible after a contingency that caused an imbalance between load and generation?
a. Synchronous reserves
b. Dynamic reserves
c. Spinning reserves
d. Non-spinning reserves
A
a. Synchronous reserves
48
Q
- What type of reserve is the amount of reserve that is available in order to preserve the system during a frequency disturbance?
a. Synchronous reserves
b. Dynamic reserves
c. Spinning reserves
d. Non-spinning reserves
A
b. Dynamic reserves
49
Q
- The amount of dynamic reserve needed can be determined by analysis of generator “load pick-up factors” for units paralleled to the system.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
50
Q
- Who takes necessary actions to perform a safe plant shutdown and prepare equipment for restart as soon as possible?
a. Generating plant operators
b. Reliability coordinators
c. Distribution providers
d. Load serving entity
A
a. Generating plant operators
51
Q
- Black start unit operators shall not permit their fuel inventory for critical black start CTs to fall below what time duration?
a. 8 hours
b. 10 hours
c. 12 hours
d. 24 hours
A
b. 10 hours
52
Q
- It is important that every effort be made to maintain frequency between what range?
a. 59.75-61.00Hz
b. 60.00-61.00Hz
c. 58.85-58.86Hz
d. 61.00-62.00Hz
A
a. 59.75-61.00Hz
53
Q
- What is restored to the generating sites as soon as possible to improve their availability?
a. Off-site power
b. Auxiliary power
c. On-site power
d. Wind
A
b. Auxiliary power
54
Q
- During the restoration process, the BES is operated so that reasonable voltage profiles can be maintained between what percentages of nominal?
a. 80%-85%
b. 90%-105%
c. 95%-96%
d. 98%-100%
A
b. 90%-105%
55
Q
- The general strategy is to utilize static devices to absorb or provide what to maintain voltages within an acceptable bandwidth?
a. VARs
b. MWs
c. Costs
d. Sales
A
a. VARs
56
Q
- Prior to synchronization, the transmission owner must communicate with whom and get approval for synchronization?
a. FRCC
b. PJM
c. NERC
d. FERC
A
b. PJM
57
Q
- It is desirable that restoration plans have redundancy built into them such as, when developing each subsystem, at least two sources of cranking power and black start steam units are included.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
58
Q
- Who along with PJM determine the extent of the service interruption within its boundaries and inform the appropriate personnel as soon as possible of existing generation and transmission capacities, equipment damage, and other appropriate information?
a. Transmission operator
b. Transmission owner
c. Reliability coordinator
d. Distribution provider
A
b. Transmission owner
59
Q
- A company connected to what, should supply any available excess energy for load to a deficient company?
a. Eastern interconnection
b. Market
c. Generator
d. Transmission line
A
a. Eastern interconnection
60
Q
- PJM will work with the TOs to identify areas in the RTO where it would be beneficial to coordinate system restoration plans.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
61
Q
- What level of cross zonal coordination refers to supplying black start generation from outside a TO zone to meet that zones critical load requirements?
a. Level one
b. Level two
c. Level three
d. Level four
A
a. Level one
62
Q
- What level of cross zonal coordination refers to supplying critical load and/or customer load pockets across TO zones?
a. Level one
b. Level two
c. Level three
d. Level four
A
b. Level two
63
Q
- What level of cross zonal coordination refers to fully aggregate TO restoration plans into a combined plan for a newly defined restoration region?
a. Level one
b. Level two
c. Level three
d. Level four
A
c. Level three
64
Q
- The policy of the PJM RTO is to at all times, maintain which of the following?
a. The integrity of the PJM RTO transmission system
b. Instability
c. Violations
d. Emergency situations
A
a. The integrity of the PJM RTO transmission system
65
Q
- Each transmission/generation owner has an obligation to protect their own system’s equipment and reliability.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
66
Q
- The PJM operating agreement (OA) provides that PJM had the responsibility to?
a. Expand their financial gain from reliable operations
b. Not report violations
c. Put other systems above their own
d. Direct the operations of the members as necessary to manage, alleviate, or end an emergency
A
d. Direct the operations of the members as necessary to manage, alleviate, or end an emergency
67
Q
- PJM may implement a “top-down”, “bottom-up”, or both a top-down” and “bottom-up” restoration strategy simultaneously to restore the system as quickly as possible.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
68
Q
- PJM Mid-Atlantic control zone criteria is that if the frequency is at or below 60.0Hz for 30 seconds, generation and load connected to the same bus may be sequestered.
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
69
Q
The Mid-Atlantic control zone consists of three UFLS with what percentage of load reduction at each step?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 25%
A
b. 10%
70
Q
- The Western control zone consists of five UFLS with what percentage of load reduction at each step?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 25%
A
a. 5%
71
Q
- In the PJM RTO, all attempts are made to ensure frequency is regulated between?
a. 58.50-59.75Hz
b. 59.75-60.00Hz
c. 59.99-62.00Hz
d. 62.50-64.50Hz
A
b. 59.75-60.00Hz except it’s actually 61 Hz on the top side
72
Q
- During the restoration process, the BES is operated so that reasonable voltage profiles can be maintained between what percentages nominally?
a. 90-105%
b. 25-50%
c. 50-75%
d. 75-80%
A
a. 90-105%
73
Q
- What is required in order to enable an area or subsystem to return to a pre-contingency state (both tie-lines and frequency) as soon as possible after a contingency?
a. Synchronous reserves
b. MWs
c. MVARs
d. Synchronous condensers
A
a. Synchronous reserves
74
Q
- Regulation is what percent of the interconnected area load?
a. 1%
b. 2%
c. 5%
d. 10%
A
b. 2%
75
Q
- What type of AGC control is used to develop an ACE signal when BA tie-lines are in service under normal conditions?
a. Flat frequency control
b. Tie line bias control
c. Flat control
d. Manual control
A
b. Tie line bias control
76
Q
- PJM serves as both the RC and TOP for the PJM area
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
77
Q
- Who operates the 138kV transmission systems, even though PJM serves as the TOP for its other transmission assets?
a. PJM
b. AEP
c. NERC
d. FERC
A
b. AEP
78
Q
- Voice messages have three parts, which of the following is not one of those parts?
a. Introduction
b. Body
c. Ending
d. Summary
A
c. Ending
79
Q
- Which of the following is of critical importance to dispatchers during restoration of the system and to others after the system has been restored?
a. Rest
b. Logging
c. Thinking
d. Economics
A
b. Logging
80
Q
- Telecommunication systems are used in conjunction with RTUs.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
81
Q
- What is the amount of reserve that is available in order to preserve the system during a frequency disturbance in the restoration process?
a. Dynamic reserves
b. Synchronous reserves
c. MVAR reserves
d. MW reserves
A
a. Dynamic reserves
82
Q
- Following a system event that caused a full or partial system shutdown, generating plant operators take necessary actions to perform a safe plant shutdown and prepare equipment for restart as soon as possible.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
83
Q
- During system restoration, governors must be blocked and plant operators must operate the generator in a mode which allows the governors to respond to frequency deviations if this mode of control is available.
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
