Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HESP630 Final > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

How are ABR peaks labeled?

A

-Jewett convention (Roman numerals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which auditory evoked potential follows the waveform of the acoustic stimulus?

A

-Cochlear microphonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What AEP is typically obtained with a frequent and rare stimulus?

A

-Mismatch negativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the common clinical uses of the ABR?

A
  • Site of lesion testing
  • Hearing threshold measurement
  • Intraoperative monitoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A 10-bit number is equal to how many (base ten) values?

A

-1024

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In theory, if you time-domain signal average an AEP by presenting 400 sweeps, the SNR in the average (compared to a single sweep) will improve by what factor?

A

-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the slope of the click-evoked ABR latency/intensity function in a normal-hearing human adult?

A

-Approximately 40 microseconds/dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which ABR peak is resistant to amplitude changes across rate?

A

-Wave V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What masking technique is used by the stacked ABR?

A

-High-pass subtractive masking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

From where does the major contribution to cochlear microphonic (CM) arise?

A

-Hair cells located in the basal region of the cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What procedure is most used to cancel CM in ECochG recordings?

A

-Averaging condensation and rarefaction polarities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the compound action potential (CAP) in the click ABR.

A

-Reflects the activation of the auditory nerve fibers located in the basal region of the cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what frequencies are the best correlations between the CAP and audiometric thresholds found?

A

-1, 2, and 4 kHz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the sensitivity of the SP/AP ratio in diagnosing Meniere’s disease?

A

-60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compared to the ECochG potentials recorded from normal subjects, responses obtained from ears with endolymphatic hydrops show what?

A

-Increased duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What ECochG pattern is most frequently observed in patients with auditory neuropathy?

A

-Prolonges negative potential with reduced amplitude compared to normal hearing subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where can differences in CAP and ABR thresholds be observed?

A

-Subjects affected by neurological disorders involving the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe hearing thresholds in children discharged from the NICU who show absent ABRs.

A

-Hearing thresholds cannot be reliably estimated on the basis of ABR recording

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do ECochG responses recorded from children discharged from the NICU show?

A

-Prolonged duration in more than half of patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who was the author(s) of the most recognized early article on the ABR and the detection of acoustic neuromas?

A

-Selters & Brackmann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What generated wave III of the ABR waveform?

A

-Cochlear nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who was the researcher whose intracranial recordings on humans contributed to our understanding of the ABR generator sites?

A

-Aage Moller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is one advantage of the ABR over MRI?

A

-Physiological index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the proper term for an acoustic neuroma?

A

-Vestibular schwannoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An acoustic neuroma will commonly reveal what ABR finding?

A

-Extended I-III interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

An absent wave V with a present and normal waves I and III is usually indicative of what?

A

-Brainstem involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why was the stacked ABR developed?

A

-Better detect small acoustic neuromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vascular loop syndrome may likely manifest in what kind of ABR abnormality?

A

-An I-III extension

29
Q

What ABR measures are affected by cochlear hearing loss?

A
  • Increase in absolute latency of wave V
  • Decrease in wave I amplitude
  • Decrease in wave V amplitude
30
Q

Among the various stimuli recommended for threshold prediction using ABR, which is most widely recommended and used in clinical evaluation?

A

-Tone bursts or tone pips

31
Q

Describe the relationship between ABR thresholds and behavioral thresholds.

A
  • ABR thresholds are at a higher stimulus intensity level than behavioral thresholds
  • ABR thresholds are more similar in the high frequencies than the low frequencies
32
Q

In an individual with normal hearing, how does the wave V latency of a 500 Hz tone burst compare to that of a 2000 Hz tone burst?

A

-Shorter

33
Q

In an individual with normal hearing, how does the wave V amplitude for 2 kHz tone burst at 60 dB HL compare to that of a 2 kHz tone burst at 20 dB HL?

A

-Higher

34
Q

At what age does wave V latency typically reach adult values?

A

-12-18 months

35
Q

Using a 2-0-2 cycle test paradigm, what will the rise and fall times each be for a 500 Hz tone burst with a 0 ms plateau?

A

-4.0 ms

36
Q

What region of the cochlear is primarily activated by 100-microsecond click stimuli in an individual with normal hearing?

A

-2,000-4,000 Hz

37
Q

A chirp stimulus is designed to deliver frequencies to the ear in what order?

A

-Low frequencies before high frequencies

38
Q

In auditory neuropathy, ABRs are expected to be completely absent what percent of the time?

A

-75%

39
Q

A protocol for frequency-specific threshold estimation in infants and younger children should include what?

A

-Air-conduction and bone-conduction stimuli

40
Q

Are bone-conduction ASSRs the same as air-conduction?

A
  • Yes

- No special concerns are warranted

41
Q

To avoid interactions, when presenting ASSR frequencies simultaneously, modulation frequencies should be separated by how much?

A

-3 Hz

42
Q

What is the consequence of using of modulation stimuli in ASSR?

A

-Broader stimulus spectrum

43
Q

Sleep has what effect on the ASSR?

A

-Amplitudes of low modulation frequency response components decrease with sleep stage

44
Q

What unit of stimulus level is used more in ASSR testing?

A

-dB HL

45
Q

What is employed by detection algorithms for ASSR?

A
  • Phase coherence squared
  • Hotlling’s t statistic
  • F tests
46
Q

What is the general relationship between ASSR carrier frequency and behavioral threshold?

A

-ASSR thresholds are lowest or closest to behavioral thresholds in the mid-frequency range

47
Q

Why are ASSR for independently amplitude and frequency modulated (IAFM) complex stimuli and word recognition scores correlated?

A

-Both are dependent on audibility of individual components of a rapidly changing complex stimulus

48
Q

What component of the stimulus evoked the ASSR?

A

-Energy at the modulation frequency

49
Q

What modulation rate will evoke a response dominated by generators in the primary auditory cortex and auditory association areas?

A

-20 Hz

50
Q

What practitioner(s) can independently interpret intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring activity?

A

-Audiologists

51
Q

In the 70s and 80s, what historically important development that supported the development of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring?

A
  • Convergence of interest in intraoperative monitoring that followed the use of increasingly sophisticated clinical test measures, AND
  • Developments in microsurgical techniques that made neural tissue preservation possible
52
Q

What factors may affect one’s ability to provide intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for a patient?

A
  • The patient’s specific diagnosis made in the outpatient clinic
  • The preoperative status of the specific function to be monitored
  • Whether the audiologist is appropriately trained and skilled in the specific type of monitoring that will be required for the case
53
Q

What kind of anesthesia effects are typically encountered by audiologists who perform intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring?

A

-Certain anesthetics may prolong auditory brainstem response latencies and reduce amplitudes

54
Q

What are some important parts of the motor unit?

A
  • Cell body
  • Axon
  • Schwann cell
55
Q

Describe a healthy, unparalyzed motor cranial nerve when not active.

A

-Ready to response to electrical stimulation

56
Q

Fill in the blanks: The auditory-evoked measure _________ enables the monitoring audioogist to best observe the response generated by the ____ portion of the auditory nerve.

A
  • Direct either nerve recording

- Proximal

57
Q

What are some devices used by the monitoring and surgical team?

A
  • Needle electrodes
  • Foam inserts for delivery of acoustic stimuli
  • Plastic adhesive tape to hold electrodes and leads in place
58
Q

What is a significant hindrance to effective recording of suprathreshold ABRs in the operating room?

A

-Masking of stimuli used to elicit the desired auditory-evoked responses caused by prolonged drilling of the temporal bone

59
Q

What is an example of an exogenous variable that can affect the recording of an MMN?

A

-Too many deviant stimuli

60
Q

Which CAEP can be used to estimate hearing thresholds in a way that is clinically relevant to audiologists?

A

-P1-N1-P2

61
Q

Which CAEP can be used as a physiological correlate of auditory discrimination?

A
  • MMN
  • P300
  • P1-N1-P2 change response
62
Q

True or False: The MMN requires the individual to attend to the oddball stimuli.

A

-False

63
Q

Which CAEP best approaches behavioral discrimination thresholds?

A

-P1-N1-P2 change responses (ACC)

64
Q

Where can electrode C3 be found?

A

-Left side of the head

65
Q

Do CAEPs have endogenous, exogenous, or both kinds of properties?

A

-Both

66
Q

The sentence “The box is walking” can be used to elicit what kind of CAEP?

A

-N400

67
Q

What CAEPs can be evoked using visual stimuli?

A
  • MMN
  • N400
  • P1-N1-P2
68
Q

The oddball paradigm is used to evoke what CAEP?

A

-P300

69
Q

True or False: Subtle differences in stimuli can evoked an MMN.

A

-True

HESP630 Final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions