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BIO 2600 > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The central dogma provides a framework for thinking about how genetic information is copied and used to produce structural and catalytic components of the cell. From the choices below, select the order of biochemical processes that best correlates with the tenets of the central dogma.

A

replication, transcription, translation

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2
Q

Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may result in offspring that are altered in fitness compared to their parents. The process of change and selection over the course of many generations is the basis of . . .

A

evolution

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3
Q

A cell’s genome . . .

A

contains all of a cell’s DNA

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4
Q

Where does most new membrane synthesis take place in a eukaryotic cell?

A

in the endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

What is the smallest distance between two points that can be resolved with a light microscope

A

0.2um

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6
Q

Trypsin is an enzyme found in the first section of the small intestine that starts the digestion of protein molecules by cutting long chains of amino acids into smaller pieces. Into what classification of enzymes does trypsin fall?

A

Proteases

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7
Q

true or false: a protein domain is a separate polypeptide chain that carries out a specific function as part of a larger protein

A

false

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8
Q

true or false: denatured proteins can often refold into the correct conformation

A

true

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9
Q

true or false: a coiled coil is a protein structure that forms when two or more helices fold around each other

A

true

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10
Q

Some proteins have alpha helices, some have beta sheets, and still others have a combination of both. What determines if a primary structure will fold into a alpha helix or beta sheet

A

specific amino acid sequence

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11
Q

What is a motif that would be expected to form a coiled coil dimer? X= any amino acid

A

(Leu-X-X-Leu-X-X-X)n

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12
Q

true or false: disulfide bonds are the only covalent bonds that can link together two amino acids in proteins

A

false

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13
Q

true or false: hydrogen bonds occur between atoms of the polypeptide backbone as well as side chains

A

true

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14
Q

true or false: nonpolar amino acids tend to be found in the interior of proteins

A

true

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15
Q

true or false: the sequence of atoms in the polypeptide backbone does not vary between proteins

A

true

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16
Q

which tri-peptide is likely to be on the surface of a cytosolic protein?

A

serine-threonine-tyrosine

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17
Q

transporters, in contrast to channels, work by

A

specific recognition of transport substrates

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18
Q

relative rate of diffusion of: alanine, estrogen, and sodium (fastest to slowest)

A

estrogen, alanine, sodium

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19
Q

which ion is most abundant inside a typical mammalian cell

A

K+

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20
Q

which ion would be able to freely diffuse through a Na+ channel: Ca2+, Cl-, Mg2+, or H+

A

H+ (similar size/charge)

21
Q

to repolarize the membrane during an action potential what occurs

A

voltage gated k+ ion channels open

22
Q

proteins that are fully translated in the cytosol and lack a sorting signal will end up in the

A

cytosol

23
Q

what proteins would you not expect RNA from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to encode

A

cytoplasmic proteins

24
Q

signal sequences that direct proteins to the correct compartment are

A

encoded in the amino acid sequence and sufficient for targeting a protein to its correct destination

25
Q

how does the nuclear pore restrict passage of large molecules that do not bear the correct nuclear localization signal

A

nuclear pore proteins contain disordered segments that form a gel like meshwork inside the pore

26
Q

which of the following is required for the citric acid cycle to fully oxidize the carbons donated by acetyl CoA: oxygen, oxaloacetate, or NAD+

A

all of the above

27
Q

tripalmitin is a rare triglyceride made from 3 palmitic acid (C16:0) molecules. How many rounds of beta oxidation are needed to break each of the fatty acids into acetyl CoA?

A

7

28
Q

which would yield the least ATP: complete oxidation of 4 glucose, complete oxidation of 8 acetyl CoA, complete oxidation of 8 pyruvate

A

complete oxidation of 8 acetyl CoA

29
Q

true or false: in oxidative phosphorylation, ATP molecules are produced in the cytosol as glucose is converted into pyruvate

A

false

30
Q

the direct energy source for generating ATP by ATP synthase in the light reaction is from

A

proton gradient across the thylakoid membranes generated by electron transfer

31
Q

what processes occur during light independent reaction of photosynthesis

A

utilization of ATP and NADPH, G3P production
NOT water splitting

32
Q

in electron transport chain in chloroplasts, low energy electrons are taken from

A

H2O

33
Q

what is the final result of the electron transfer in stage 1 of the membrane based processes that drive ATP synthesis in the chloroplast

A

NADP+ is reduced to NADPH (final electron acceptor)

34
Q

in stage 1 of photosynthesis, proton gradient is generated and ATP is synthesized. Where do protons become concentrated in the chloroplasts?

A

thylakoid space

35
Q

direction of DNA synthesis

A

DNA is synthesized 5’ to 3’ and template is read 3’ to 5’

36
Q

the enzyme that removes the RNA primer is __________ and the enzyme that eliminates supercoiled DNA is ___________

A

nuclease, topoisomerase

37
Q

proteasomes act primarily on proteins marked for destruction by which modification

A

ubiquitination

38
Q

true or false: RNA polymerase adds bases in a 3’ to 5’ direction, DNA polymerase adds bases in 5’ to 3’ direction

A

false

39
Q

true or false: RNA polymerase does not proofread its work, DNA polymerase does

A

true

40
Q

true or false: the eukaryotic cell must have a nuclear spliceosome to remove introns from RNA

A

true

41
Q

true or false: prokaryotic cell must have a cytosolic spliceosome to remove introns from RNA

A

false

42
Q

name some noncoding RNA

A

transfer RNA
small nuclear RNA
ribosomal RNA

43
Q

result of high glucose and lactose conditions

A

CAP not bound
Lac repressor not bound
Lac operon OFF

44
Q

examples of post transcriptional control proteins

A

spliceosome
Dicer
RISC
(NOT mediator)

45
Q

which occurs only after a eukaryotic mRNA is exported from the nucleus

A

translation begins

46
Q

what occurs before the eukaryotic mRNA in exported to the cytosol

A

polyadenylation at 3’ end
introns spliced
5’ capping

47
Q

NOT an example of epigenetic inheritance

A

inheritance of a point mutation in a gene

48
Q

examples of epigenetic inheritance

A

patterns of chromosome condensation, methylation pattern of DNA, regulatory proteins/transcription factors

49
Q

5’ AUUGGUAA 3’
what is the anticodon on the tRNA in P site when release factor binds to the A site?

A

3’ ACC 5’

BIO 2600 (15 decks)

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