Quiz questions 1-6 Flashcards
According to Ezra Taft Benson, what are the four basic areas that make a difference in health?
Righteousness, food, exercise, and sleep
What is the most prevalent (common) lifestyle related health risk in the US population?
poor diet
Aggressive penetrant genes that almost always cause disease only account for about 5% of chronic diseases.
true
From a population perspective, what are three key health behaviors that can increase longevity and reduce risk of disease?
No smoking, eating a healthy diet and being physically active (moderate intensity) for 30 minutes or more most days of the week.
The key to the epidemiological method is _____________ and ____________.
comparing and contrasting
Name the standard or principle of epidemiology that is defined in part as the cause-effect relationship seen in the presence and absence of other influences.
independence
temporal sequence
Name the standard or principle of epidemiology that is defined in part as the cause preceding the effect.
As physical activity time increases, risk of CHD decreases. What type of correlation or relationship is this?
negative
T/F Cause-and-effect conclusions are warranted with epidemiological findings.
false
Incidence and prevalence…one refers to proportion and one refers to rate. Which one is which?
Incidence refers to rate, prevalence refers to proportion.
Which type of study places volunteers by random assignment into groups where one group receives a treatment and the other does not?
randomized clinical trial study
Which type of study matches people with disease with people without disease who share similar characteristics like gender, age, and ethnicity and then determines which differences may contribute to disease?
case-control study
Which statement would best describe our modern times relative to times past?
live to eat
Define “moieties.”
This is another way to say a half, part or portion.
Define “inter alia.”
among other things
Define “diminution.”
reduction or decrease
Define “necropsy.”
autopsy
Define “sequelae.”
A condition that results from prior disease or injury.
Identify five lifestyle related risk factors
poor nutrition, physical inactivity, obesity, stress, tobacco use
T/F One of the findings from the Blair et al., (1989) study showed that even in the presence of family history of heart disease as a risk factor, being unfit poses a greater risk.
true
Describe the relationship between number of stairs climbed and risk of death from the Harvard Alumni study (Paffenbarger et al., 1986). Identify the amount of reduced risk that was seen between the stair climbing categories.
The amount of reported exercise by the participants had an inverse relationship with all-cause mortality. The difference in the risk of death in men who climbed more than 350 steps per week versus those who climbed less than 350 was 15 percent.
Fitness and exercise…one is a process and one is a product. Which is which?
Exercise is a process, fitness is a product
Why is a person who gets less than 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity each day considered sedentary?
The population risk of chronic disease is similar within the zero minutes to less than thirty minutes per day range. Ther is a physical activity deficiency threshold that must be met in order to gain health benefits. A minimum level is recommended based on epidemiological population-based research findings
How is exercise different than physical activity?
Exercise is a specific type of physical activity with certain characteristics. Exercise is physical exertion with the goal of improving or maintaining fitness. There are some types of physical activity that are not considered exercise. Physical activity is any bodily movement that substantially increases energy expenditure, such as playing instead of watching the TV.
