Exam 2 Quizzes

Question 1

Heart Disease has been the leading cause of death among Americans since 1900 (except 1918). What was the leading cause of death in 1918?

Answer 1

influenza

Question 2

T/F CVD death rates are apparently going down even though incidence and prevalence rates are relatively unchanged.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Which risk factor has the greatest potential for reducing risk of heart disease?

Answer 3

quitting smoking

Question 4

If all forms of major CVD were eliminated, total life expectancy would increase nearly ___ years. If all forms of cancer were eliminated, the increase is just ___ years.

Answer 4

CVD 7 years

cancer 3 years

Question 5

What percent decrease in risk for heart disease could be expected if a person decreased their total cholesterol 10%? (be specific in your answer)

Answer 5

Since Decreasing cholesterol leads to a 2–3% decrease for each 1% drop in total cholesterol if you decreased your total cholesterol by 10% you would decrease your risk for heart disease by anywhere from 20-30%

Question 6

T/F CVD and CHD are the same thing.

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

A diet characterized by higher intake of vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, fish, and poultry is commonly termed a

Answer 7

prudent diet

Question 8

According to the results of the study “Exercise Capacity and Mortality Among Men Referred for Exercise Testing,” for every 1 MET increase in exercise capacity there was a _____ % increase in survival.

Answer 8

12% increase

Question 9

According to the results of the study “Exercise Capacity and Mortality Among Men Referred for Exercise Testing,” normal subjects who had the lowest exercise capacity had a relative risk for all cause mortality of 4.5. What percent increase in risk would this be?

Answer 9

350% higher risk

Question 10

In the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) what were at least 3 of the 5 components of a low-risk profile?

Answer 10

Not current smoker

BMI under 25

1/2 drink of alcohol per day

Moderate - vigorous activity min. 1/2 hr/day (incl. brisk walking)

Highest 40% cohort for consumption of:

Cereal fiber
Marine n-3 fatty acids and folate
High ratio of polyunsaturated : saturated fat
Low trans fat and glycemic load

Question 11

In the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), population attributable risk for coronary disease went from 64% for women who had 4 low-risk factors to 82% for women who had 5 low-risk factors. What additional risk factor was thought to contribute to the increase in population attributable risk?

Answer 11

alcohol consumption

Question 12

When studied, which drink was most effective in inhibiting atherosclerosis and improving lipids when polyphenol dose was normalized?

Answer 12

grape juice

Question 13

The French have low coronary heart disease mortality with high fat consumption; this epidemiological anomaly is known as the __________________ ____________.

Answer 13

French Paradox

Question 14

What is the tumor classification for cancer that begins in the skin or tissues that line or cover internal organs?

Answer 14

carcinoma

Question 15

T/FThe lifetime risk for developing cancer is greater for women than men.

Answer 15

FALSE

Question 16

Which disease contributes to more years of life lost?

Answer 16

cancer

Question 17

Which is the most common (highest prevalence) cancer in women?

Answer 17

breast cancer

Question 18

What term describes a malignant cancer initiating the process of producing its own blood supply?

Answer 18

angiogenesis

Question 19

Which is the most common (highest prevalence) cancer in men?

Answer 19

prostate cancer

Question 20

What is the tumor classification for cancer that begins in bone, muscle, or other connective tissue?

Answer 20

sarcoma

Question 21

What is it called when a malignant tumor migrates to a distant site from its origin?

Answer 21

metastasis

Question 22

Which is the most lethal cancer for men and women?

Answer 22

lung cancer

Question 23

Which cancer is most affected (in a beneficial way) by physical activity?

Answer 23

colon cancer

Question 24

What is the pressure in the arteries called when the heart is in ventricular contraction?

Answer 24

systolic blood pressure

Question 25

T/F Age related increase in blood pressure is seen among all individuals regardless of lifestyle.

Answer 25

FALSE

Question 26

In the US, what is the percent lifetime risk for developing hypertension for a person age 55 who is normotensive?

Answer 26

90%

Question 27

What could happen to blood pressure if someone who is overweight lost 10 kg?

Answer 27

the expected change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure could be a 16-point and 11-point drop

Question 28

What is the pressure in the arteries called when the heart is resting between beats?

Answer 28

diastolic blood pressure

Question 29

T/F Hypertension has been linked to long-term loss of cognitive ability as related to memory, problem solving, concentration, and judgment.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

T/F Only about 30% of the population in the US is consuming less than 2,400 mg/day of sodium.

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

T/FHypertension can always be controlled with lifestyle alone and drugs are only needed when a person has an unhealthy lifestyle.

Answer 31

FALSE

Question 32

T/F While most studies have found that PA either delays loss or, or has no effect on, cognitive function in elderly subjects, a few studies have reported an accelerated loss of cognitive function with PA.

Answer 32

FALSE

Question 33

T/F In relation to depression and anxiety, exercise is at least as effective as more traditional therapies.

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

The term “acute” refers to

Answer 34

refers to something that occurs at a specific time for a short duration.

Question 35

T/F Studies have shown that risk of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia can be significantly reduced in older women who are most active.

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Chronic

Answer 36

describes something that persists for a long period

Question 37

Which of the following foods has been most correlated with increased depressive prevalence?

Answer 37

sugar

Question 38

What age group and gender are more aware of hypertension

Answer 38

women who are older

Question 39

Top 4 risk factors for hypertension

Answer 39

obesity, smoking, little or no physical inactivity and too much salt intake

Question 40

During exercise systolic blood pressure _____ and diastolic _____

Answer 40

increases for systolic decreases for diastolic

Question 41

after exercising systolic blood pressure ____ and diastolic ____

Answer 41

decreases, increases

Question 42

Potential savings from reduced sodium consumption

Answer 42

-Reducing average population sodium intake to 2,300 mg per day, the recommended maximum for adults, may reduce cases of hypertension by 11 million, save $18 billion in health care

Question 43

JNCDETHBP recommendation for treatment of high blood pressure

Answer 43

2400 mg

Question 44

IOM guideline for treatment of high BP

Answer 44

2300

Question 45

neuroprotection

Answer 45

Physical inactivity may increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative processes

Question 46

neurogenesis

Answer 46

Physical activity may increase neural cell proliferation and survival and is associated with more brain cells and enhanced learning ability

Question 47

neurotransmitters

Answer 47

Decreased choline uptake, increased muscarinic binding, and decrease norepinephrine release

Question 48

neurotrophic factors

Answer 48

Proteins responsible for growth and survival of neurons during development and maintaining adult neurons.

Question 49

findings for study of intermittent feeding with mice

Answer 49

Fed mice every other day and showed fasting had decreased effect on Alzheimer’s

Question 50

decreased caloric intake increases levels of ____

Answer 50

BDNF or brain derived neurotropic factor (neurotropic factor responsible for growth and survival of neurons