Exam 2 Quizzes Flashcards
Heart Disease has been the leading cause of death among Americans since 1900 (except 1918). What was the leading cause of death in 1918?
influenza
T/F CVD death rates are apparently going down even though incidence and prevalence rates are relatively unchanged.
true
Which risk factor has the greatest potential for reducing risk of heart disease?
quitting smoking
If all forms of major CVD were eliminated, total life expectancy would increase nearly ___ years. If all forms of cancer were eliminated, the increase is just ___ years.
CVD 7 years
cancer 3 years
What percent decrease in risk for heart disease could be expected if a person decreased their total cholesterol 10%? (be specific in your answer)
Since Decreasing cholesterol leads to a 2–3% decrease for each 1% drop in total cholesterol if you decreased your total cholesterol by 10% you would decrease your risk for heart disease by anywhere from 20-30%
T/F CVD and CHD are the same thing.
FALSE
A diet characterized by higher intake of vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, fish, and poultry is commonly termed a
prudent diet
According to the results of the study “Exercise Capacity and Mortality Among Men Referred for Exercise Testing,” for every 1 MET increase in exercise capacity there was a _____ % increase in survival.
12% increase
According to the results of the study “Exercise Capacity and Mortality Among Men Referred for Exercise Testing,” normal subjects who had the lowest exercise capacity had a relative risk for all cause mortality of 4.5. What percent increase in risk would this be?
350% higher risk
In the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) what were at least 3 of the 5 components of a low-risk profile?
Not current smoker
BMI under 25
1/2 drink of alcohol per day
Moderate - vigorous activity min. 1/2 hr/day (incl. brisk walking)
Highest 40% cohort for consumption of:
Cereal fiber
Marine n-3 fatty acids and folate
High ratio of polyunsaturated : saturated fat
Low trans fat and glycemic load
In the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), population attributable risk for coronary disease went from 64% for women who had 4 low-risk factors to 82% for women who had 5 low-risk factors. What additional risk factor was thought to contribute to the increase in population attributable risk?
alcohol consumption
When studied, which drink was most effective in inhibiting atherosclerosis and improving lipids when polyphenol dose was normalized?
grape juice
The French have low coronary heart disease mortality with high fat consumption; this epidemiological anomaly is known as the __________________ ____________.
French Paradox
What is the tumor classification for cancer that begins in the skin or tissues that line or cover internal organs?
carcinoma
T/FThe lifetime risk for developing cancer is greater for women than men.
FALSE
Which disease contributes to more years of life lost?
cancer
Which is the most common (highest prevalence) cancer in women?
breast cancer
What term describes a malignant cancer initiating the process of producing its own blood supply?
angiogenesis
Which is the most common (highest prevalence) cancer in men?
prostate cancer
What is the tumor classification for cancer that begins in bone, muscle, or other connective tissue?
sarcoma
What is it called when a malignant tumor migrates to a distant site from its origin?
metastasis
Which is the most lethal cancer for men and women?
lung cancer
Which cancer is most affected (in a beneficial way) by physical activity?
colon cancer
What is the pressure in the arteries called when the heart is in ventricular contraction?
systolic blood pressure
