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Neuro > Quiz Practice Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which neurons are responsible for muscle tone?

A

Group II afferents

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2
Q

A 22 y/o female c/o hearing changes and balance issues. What cranial nerve is most likely involved?

A

CN VIII - vestibulocochlear

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3
Q

What cranial nerve is most often injured?

A

CN IV - trochlear

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4
Q

What is the responsibility of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Moves tongue

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5
Q

A man expresses that he is concerned the he cannot taste anything on the anterior portion of his tongue. What nerve innervates this portion of the tongue?

A

CN VII - Facial

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6
Q

Which CN innervates muscles involved in shrugging and turning the head?

A

CN XI - spinal accessory

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7
Q

A patient is experiencing diplopia. Upon evaluation, you conclude that he las lateral rectus palsy. Which cranial nerve is most likely involved?

A

CN VI -Abducens

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8
Q

What are functions associated with the oculomotor nerve?

A

Turns pupil up,down,medial, constricts and raises eyelid.

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9
Q

What CN is responsible for the gag reflex and swallowing reflex? What are the nuclei?

A

CN IX and X - hypoglossal and vagus

Spinal nucleus of CN V

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10
Q

What cranial nerve is reponsible for spitting when you are angry? What is the nucleus?

A

CN VII - facial

Superior salivatory in rostral medulla

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11
Q

What is the origin of the rubrospinal tract?

A

Red nucleus

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12
Q

What tract is responsible for us turning our heads when someone opens a door?

A

Tectospinal

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13
Q

What tract overrides antigravity muscles?

A

Medullary reticulospinal

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14
Q

What tract is responsible to autonomic postural adjustments to resist gravity?

A

Pontine reticulospinal

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15
Q

Where is low pitch found?

A

Helicotremia

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16
Q

Where is high pitch found?

A

Oval window

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17
Q

Loudness is measured in?

A

dB

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18
Q

Pitch is measured in?

A

Hz

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19
Q

What part of the brainstem deals with reflexes?

A

Tectum

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20
Q

What part of the brainstem is primarily motor?

A

Basilar

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21
Q

What part of the brainstem is primarily sensory?

A

Tegmentum

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22
Q

Where is the midbrain located?

A

Between the diencephalon and the pons

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23
Q

What nuclei deals with dopamine?

A

Ventral tegmental area

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24
Q

What nuclei deals with serotonin?

A

Raphe nucleus

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25
Q

What type of fiber is alpha? Gamma?

A

Extrafusal ; intrafusal

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26
Q

What reflex activated the extensors and inhibits the flexors on the opposite side?

A

Crossed extensor reflex

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27
Q

What part of the brainstem produces dopamine?

A

Substantia nigra

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28
Q

What is the minimum amount of neurons involved in voluntary movements?

A

2

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29
Q

LMN lesion is associated with what characteristics?

A
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Breakdown of cellular proteins
  • Flaccid paralysis
  • Absent voluntary contraction
  • Fibrillations
30
Q

What cranial nerve is most often damaged and what is its controlling nucleus?

A

CN 4 ; contralateral

31
Q

What tract is involved with maintaining posture against gravity?

A

Pontine reticulospinal

32
Q

A pt. Presents with a decrease in the ability to demonstrate a decerebrate posture after being in a car accident. What pathway is likely damaged?

A

Pontine reticulospinal

33
Q

Pt. Presents with an injury to an alpha motor neuron and cant move the left leg voluntarily or involuntarily. What is likely damaged?

A

LMN of the left corticospinal pathway

34
Q

What muscle is not innervated by CN III - oculomotor?

A

Superior oblique

35
Q

What muscle units are recruited first in a muscle contraction?

A

Smaller motor units

36
Q

What motor neuron pool is associated with the medial somatatopical region?

A

Axial and proximal muscles

37
Q

What motor neuron pool is associated with the lateral somatatopical region?

A

Distal musculature

38
Q

What motor neuron pool is associated with the anterior somatatopical region?

A

Extensors

39
Q

What motor neuron pool is associated with the posterior somatatopical region?

A

Flexors

40
Q

Parkinson’s disease is a result of _____ in the direct pathway?

A

Increased inhibitory signals

41
Q

The main function of the ____ is to execute stored patterns of movement lasting 5 or more seconds?

A

Caudate pathway

42
Q

Maintaining upright positioning during cooking tasks is a function that would be associated with what part of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

43
Q

The _____ is responsible for “taking a snapshot” of what the body is actually doing (efferent copy).

A

Ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT)

44
Q

If the LMN of a motor pool are destroyed, what would be an expected sign?

A

Loss of muscle tone

45
Q

What cortical area is responsible for bilateral practiced sequenced moving involving motor pools innervating distal muscles that occur over many seconds?

A

Supplemental motor area

46
Q

Why are LMN called the final common pathway for behavorial control?

A

Sensory neurons carrying proprioceptive information, axons from the lateral descending pathways and interneurons converge on the alpha motor pools, and are integrated to regulate muscle behavior.

47
Q

What involuntary muscle contraction is always abnormal and is caused by degeneration of the lower motor neurons?

A

Fibrillations

48
Q

T or F: the rubrospinal tract decussates in the pons

A

False

49
Q

What tract uses sensory info about balance, visual environment, body position for reflexive balance, posture, locomotion, and automatic gross movements?

A

Ventromedial pathways

50
Q

What cranial nerve connects with the medulla between the pyramid and the olive?

A

CN VII

51
Q

What are the 4 cardinal signs of brainstem dysfunction?

A

Dysphagia, dysarthria, diplopia, dysmetria

52
Q

A pt. Suffered a severe brain injury. One pupil is dilated and the eye is abducted when looking straight in front of her. What CN is likely injured?

A

CN III - oculomotor

53
Q

What category of white matter connects the hemispheres?

A

Commissural fibers

54
Q

What neurotransmitter does the ventral tegmental area produce?

A

Dopamine

55
Q

What structure is involved in producing the waking state and REM sleep?

A

Pedunculopontine

56
Q

Lesions located in the _____ produce insomnia.

A

Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (VPLO)

57
Q

A 50 y/o Parkinson’s patient is having difficulty eating and requires the help of his therapist to initiate the movement of his hand in order to bring food to his mouth. Which structure do you suspect has degenerated?

A

Substantia Nigra

58
Q

What activity would you suspect someone to have a difficulty with if they have damage to the vermis?

A

Riding a bike

59
Q

The ___ tract receives information from muscle spindle fibers and golgi tendon organs to relay information to the cerebellum about what the body is doing?

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar

60
Q

What category of white matter is also known as corticocortical?

A

Association fibers

61
Q

T or F : most of the brain is made up of projection fibers?

A

False

62
Q

Insomnia occurs is there are lesions in which area of the brain?

A

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

63
Q

What disorder is a of the basal ganglia resulting in a loss of inhibition which causes excessive output to the motor areas demonstrated by writhing involuntary movements, jerky motion and dementia?

A

Huntington’s disease

64
Q

Axons in the CNS that follow the medial tracts and synapse in the median pools innervate what?

A

Postural and girdle muscles

65
Q

In the rubrospinal tract, the red nucleus receives its input from the ____?

A

Cerebellum

66
Q

Tectospinal tract directs head movement in responses to ____ stimuli.

A

Visual

67
Q

Rubrospinal arises from what structure?

A

Red nucleus

68
Q

Lateral pathways are _____ and the ventromedial pathways are ____?

A

Voluntary; reflexive

69
Q

UMN axons from the brain and the brainstem descend along which 2 major pathways?

A

Lateral, ventromedial

70
Q

T or F: UMN provide sensory signals from the cortex to the lower motor neurons

A

False

71
Q

T or F: damage to the higher levels results in deficits in motor planning, initiation, coordination but movement is still possible?

A

True

Neuro (7 decks)

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