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Neuro > Hearing > Flashcards

Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perception of the energy carried by sound waves?

A

Hearing

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2
Q

What are alternating waves of air pressure with periods of compression and rarefaction?

A

Sound waves

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3
Q

How do we characterize sounds waves, how do we measure them and what frequency is audible to humans?

A
  • Pitch
  • Hertz
  • 20 to 20k Hz
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4
Q

Loudness is our interpretation of what and how is it measured?

A
  • Sound Intensity

- Decibles

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5
Q

When we talk, we talk at what loudness level?

A

60 dB

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6
Q

If you don’t want to cause hearing loss, you better keep your music under what noise level?

A

> 100 dB

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7
Q

When you hear sound, it hit the eardrum and becomes what?

A

Vibrations

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8
Q

What are the three bones in the ear?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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9
Q

How much do the bone of the middle ear amplify sound?

A

16x

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10
Q

The stapes vibrates against what structure in the ear?

A

Oval window

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11
Q

Vibrations from the stapes is converted to what in the vestibular duct?

A

Fluid waves

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12
Q

What activates the sensory hair cell receptors?

A

Fluid waves that push on the membranes of the cochlear duct

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13
Q

Where does the energy from the fluid waves dissipate after it goes across the cochlear duct and into the tympanic duct?

A

The round window

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14
Q

What happens when the hair cells in the cochlear duct are activated?

A

The create action potentials in sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve

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15
Q

How many fluid filled compartments does the cochlea have?

A

3

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16
Q

What are the vestibular and tympanic ducts filled with?

A

Perilymph

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17
Q

What is perilymph similar to?

A

Plasma

18
Q

What is the cochlear duct filled with?

A

Endolymph

19
Q

What does endolymph resemble?

A

Intracellular fluid (high K+)

20
Q

What contains hair cells covered with stereocilia?

A

Organ of corti

21
Q

What does the organ of corti sit on?

A

The basilar membrane

22
Q

The longest stereocilia are embedded on what overlying structure?

A

Tectorial membrane

23
Q

Which of the hair cells are mechanical amplifiers?

A

Outer hair cells.

24
Q

What hair cells turn motion into local potentials?

A

Inner hair cells.

25
Q

What structure codes for pitch?

A

Basilar membrane

26
Q

What kind of shape is the basilar membrane?

A

Thick and narrow near the base of the cochlea and thin and wide near the apex/helicotremia

27
Q

What waves create the max displacement of the basilar membrane near the oval window?

A

High frequency

28
Q

What waves travel along the length of the membrane to create max displacement near the helicotremia?

A

Low frequency

29
Q

Where is the spatial coding of pitch preserved?

A

Auditory cortex

30
Q

If you have a high frequency of action potentials and numbers of ganglion cells firing, what type of sound would you hear?

A

A loud sound

31
Q

If you have a low frequency of action potentials and numbers of ganglion cells firing, what type of sound would you hear?

A

A soft sound

32
Q

Where does information from both of the ears integrate?

A

Superior olive

33
Q

What is the function of the superior olive?

A

Processes differences in time for spatial sound localization

34
Q

What part of the auditory pathway routes sounds to the primary auditory cortex?

A

Medial geniculate nucleus

35
Q

What part of the auditory pathway processes spatial location and elicit reflexes toward sound?

A

Inferior colliculus

36
Q

What part of the auditory pathway increase the activity of the CNS (alarm clock waking you up)?

A

Reticular formation

37
Q

Where do ascending pathways terminate?

A

Dorsal surface of the temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex)

38
Q

How does auditory information make it to where we actually process it?

A

It is shared with nearby association areas

39
Q

What belt region is involved in sound identification?

A

Ventral stream

40
Q

What belt region is the location of sound in space involving gaze in?

A

Dorsal stream

Neuro (7 decks)

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