quiz lecture 9 Flashcards
- Gustatory and Olfactory receptors are
a. Mechanical
b. Physical
c. Chemical
d. Neurotransmitter
c. Chemical
- Chemicals have to be dissolved in liquids such as saliva or nasal secretions to reach to the receptor
a. True
b. false
a. True
must contact gustatory hairs
- Which of the following papillae does NOT have sensory function?
a. filiform
b. fungiform
c. Circumvallate
d. foliate
a. filiform
- Which one is not a basic taste sensation?
a. Hunani
b. Umami
c. Sweet
d. Bitter
e. Salty
f. Sour
a. Hunani
Match:
5. Sugars, saccharin, alcohol, and some amino acids____
6. Metal ions [Na+, Ca2+]____
7. Hydrogen ions [H+]____
8. Alkaloids [e.g., quinine, nicotine]_____
9. Elicited by amino acid glutamate [MSG – monosodium glutamate]____
a. Bitter b. Salty c. Sour d. Umami e. Sweet
- Sugars, saccharin, alcohol, and some amino acids____e sweet
- Metal ions [Na+, Ca2+]____ b salt
- Hydrogen ions [H+]____c sour
- Alkaloids [e.g., quinine, nicotine]_
a bitter - Elicited by amino acid glutamate [MSG – monosodium glutamate]_umami
- The binding of the food chemical causes
a. Repolarization of the taste membrane, releasing neurotransmitter
b. Depolarization of the taste cell membrane
c. Initiates a generator potential that elicit an action potential
d. A and c
e. b and c
e. b and c
b. Depolarization of the taste cell membrane
c. Initiates a generator potential that elicit an action potential
Match the locations:
11. The centers for appreciation of taste
12. The centers for taste____
13. All sensory input has to go first to____
a. Hypothalamus and limbic system
b. Gustatory cortex
c. Thalamus
- The centers for appreciation of taste
a. Hypothalamus and limbic system - The centers for taste____
b. Gustatory cortex - All sensory input has to go first to____
c. Thalamus
- Which cranial nerves are involved with taste?
a. Cranial nerves VII and X
b. Cranial nerves VIII and IX
c. Cranial nerves VII and IX
d. Cranial nerves V and XII
c. Cranial nerves VII and IX
- Which receptors may influence the taste?
a. Thermoreceptors
b. Nocireceptors
c. Mechanoreceptors
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
- The olfactory receptor cells are
a. Unipolar
b. Bipolar
c. Tripolar
b. Bipolar
- Which statement is correct?
a. olfactory receptor cells synapse with mitral cells
b. glomerular mitral cells process odor signals
c. mitral cells send impulses to the olfactory cortex, the hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic
system
d. All are correct
d. All are correct
- Over 70% of sensory receptors are in the olfactory bulb
a. True
b. False
b. False
>70% of all sensory receptors are in the eye
- Fat protects the eye as a cushion
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Which statement is true about the human eye?
a. distinguish 10 million colors
b. visual angle of 180 degrees
c. resolution estimate is 576 megapixels
d. switch focus from near to far <0.5 seconds
e. pupils constrict in <0.2 seconds
f. all are true
f. all are true
- Lubricating glands associated with the eyelids are
a. Sebaceous and meibomian
b. Lacrimal and meibomian
c. Sebaceous and lacrimal
d. Ciliary glands
e. A and c
f. A and d
f. A and d
a. Sebaceous and meibomian
d. Ciliary glands
- The transparent membrane that lines the eyelids as the palpebral conjunctiva, covers the
whites of the eyes as the ocular conjunctiva, lubricates and protects the eye is
a. Retina
b. Conjunctiva
c. Iris
d. Choroid
b. Conjunctiva
- Conjunctivitis, inflammation of conjunctiva may be caused by all, except
a. Allergies
b. Bacteria
c. Parasites
c. Parasites
- What is not correct about lacrimal glands and tears?
a. contain mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme
b. enter the eye via superolateral excretory ducts
c. exit the eye laterally via the lacrimal punctum
d. drain into the nasolacrimal duct (i.e.to the nose)
all are true
- What is not true about the extrinsic muscles of the eye?
a. six strap-like extrinsic eye muscles enable the eye to follow moving objects
b. maintain the shape of the eyeball
c. four rectus muscles originate from the annular ring
d. two oblique muscles move the eye in the vertical plane
e. Produce tears
e. Produce tears
Match
25. Errors of eye alignment, corrected with surgery, botulism toxin____
26. Visual weakness in an otherwise normal eye, a developmental disorder____
a. Ambliopia
b. Strabismus
- Errors of eye alignment, corrected with surgery, botulism toxin____
b. Strabismus - Visual weakness in an otherwise normal eye, a developmental disorder____
a. Amblyopia
- Which one of the following is not part of the eye wall structure?
a. Fibrous
b. Serous
c. vascular [uvea]
d. sensory [retina]
b. Serous
- Where is the blind spot in the retina?
a. Optic disc
b. Fovea centralis
c. Rods
d. Cons
a. Optic disc
- The vitreous body is the jell-like substance filling up the body of the eye
a. True
b. False
a. True
the posterior segment is filled with a clear gel called vitreous humor that:
− transmits light
− supports the posterior surface of the lens
− holds the neural retina firmly against the pigmented layer
− contributes to intraocular pressure
Match:
Each question may have more than one answer, match all that pertains
30. Opaque_______
31. Clear_______
32. 32. Protects the eye and anchors the intrinsic muscles___
33. Lets light enter the eye_____
a. Sclera
b. Cornea
sclera:
opaque
protects eye and anchors extrinsic muscles
cornea:
clear
lets light enter eye
- Opaque - sclera
- Clear - cornea
- Protects the eye and anchors the intrinsic muscles_sclera
- Lets light enter the eye_cornea
Match:
34. a dark brown membrane that forms the posterior portion of the uvea, supplies blood to all eye
tunics____
35. a thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens, composed of smooth muscle bundles, anchors
the suspensory ligament that holds the lens in place_____
36. the colored part of the eye, pupil, centra, regulates the amount of light entering the eye____
a. Cilliary
b. Choroid
c. Iris
34 b
35 a
36 c
vascular tunic:
choroid region: dark brown membrane that forms posterior portion of uvea, supplies blood to all eye tunics
ciliary body: thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens, smooth muscle bundles, anchors suspensory ligament
iris: colored part of eye, regulates amount of light entering
- Which statement is not correct?
a. close vision and bright light – pupils constrict
b. distant vision and dim light – pupils dilate
c. changes in emotional state – pupils constrict when the subject matter is appealing or requires
problem-solving skills
d. changes in emotional state – pupils constrict when the subject matter is appealing or requires
problem-solving skills
c and d are the same
c. changes in emotional state – pupils DILATE when the subject matter is appealing or requires
problem-solving skills
- What is not true about sensory tunic?
a. pigmented layer is the outer layer that absorbs light and prevents its scattering, prevents degradation of the image quality
b. neural layer, which contains photoreceptors that transduce light energy, unipolar cells and
ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells
b. neural layer, which contains photoreceptors that transduce light energy, BIpolar cells and
ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells
- What is the source of blood supply for the retina?
a. the outer third receives its blood from the choroid
b. the inner two-thirds is served by the central artery and vein
c. Both a and b
c. Both a and b
Match:
40. Respond to dim light____
41. For peripheral vision____
42. Loss causes night blindness___
43. Perceived input is in color____
44. Sensitive to dim light____
45. Found in macula lutea____
46. concentrated in the fovea centralis____
47. Found everywhere except the macula lutea____
48. Low acuity_____
49. High acuity____
a. Cones b. rods
rods
40 41 42 44 47 48
40. Respond to dim light____
41. For peripheral vision____
42. Loss causes night blindness___
44. Sensitive to dim light____
47. Found everywhere except the macula lutea____
48. Low acuity_____
cones
43 45 46 49
43. Perceived input is in color____
45. Found in macula lutea____
46. concentrated in the fovea centralis____
49. High acuity____
- What is not true about glaucoma?
a. It is defined as increased intraocular pressure [IOP], ≥21 mmHg
b. typically from increased vitreous humor
c. blocked outflow at canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus)
all true
- Lens allows precise focusing of light onto the retina (fine focusing)
a. True
b. False
a. True
Match:
52. clouding of the normally transparent lens____
53. developing opacity of the crystalline lens____
54. inability of the lens or cornea to focus_____
55. refractive error – results in blurred vision____
56. denaturation of proteins___
57. progressive; vision loss to blindness_____
58. inability of the lens or cornea to focus_____
59. from lens hardening or corneal scarring_____
60. refractive error – results in blurred vision____
a. Astigmatism
b. Cataract
a. Astigmatism
54. inability of the lens or cornea to focus_____
55. refractive error – results in blurred vision____
58. inability of the lens or cornea to focus_____
59. from lens hardening or corneal scarring_____
60. refractive error – results in blurred vision____
b. Cataract
52. clouding of the normally transparent lens____
53. developing opacity of the crystalline lens____
56. denaturation of proteins___
57. progressive; vision loss to blindness_____
52 b
53 b
54 a
55 a
56 b
57 b
58 a
59 a
60 a
- What is the correct pathway of light entering the eye?
a. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, and the neural layer of the retina to the photoreceptors
b. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, photoreceptors
c. Lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, photoreceptors
d. Photoreceptors, lens, vitreous humor, aqueous humor
a. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, and the neural layer of the retina to the photoreceptors
- In which part the light is not refracted?
a. at the cornea [highest refractive power found at cornea]
b. entering the lens
c. leaving the lens
d. On the retina itself
d. On the retina itself
- What is the distance that is far point of focus is the distance beyond which the lens does not need to change shape to focus?
a. 10 feet
b. 20 feet
c. 30 feet
d. 40 feet
b. 20 feet
Match:
64. changing the lens shape by ciliary muscles to increase refractory power
65. the pupillary reflex constricts the pupils to prevent divergent light rays from entering the eye
66. medial rotation of the eyeballs toward the object being viewed
a. accommodation
b. constriction
c. convergence
a. accommodation
64. changing the lens shape by ciliary muscles to increase refractory power
b. constriction
65. the pupillary reflex constricts the pupils to prevent divergent light rays from entering the eye
c. convergence
66. medial rotation of the eyeballs toward the object being viewed
Match in regards to refraction:
67. normal eye with light focused properly___
68. corrected with a concave lens, the focal point is in front of the retina, nearsighted____
69. the focal point is behind the retina, corrected with a convex lens, farsighted___
a. Hyperopic
b. Emmetropic
c. Myopic
a. Hyperopic
69. the focal point is behind the retina, corrected with a convex lens, farsighted___
b. Emmetropic
67. normal eye with light focused properly___
c. Myopic
68. corrected with a concave lens, the focal point is in front of the retina, nearsighted____
- What is not true about optic pathways?
a. axons of retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve
b. medial fibers of the optic nerve decussate at the optic chiasm
c. most fibers of the optic tracts continue to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus
d. other optic tract fibers end in superior colliculi [initiating visual reflexes] and pretectal nuclei
[involved with pupillary reflexes
e. optic radiations travel from the thalamus to the visual cortex
f. some nerve fibers send tracts to the midbrain ending in the
superior colliculi
g. The input from the right eye goes to right hemisphere, from the left eye-left hemisphere
g. The input from the right eye goes to right hemisphere, from the left eye-left hemisphere
Match
71. Which statement is incorrect?
a. Outer and middle ear involved with hearing
b. Inner ear is involved with inner balance
c. Inner ear is involve with hearing
d. Inner ear is involved only with balance
d. Inner ear is involved only with balance
the outer and middle ear are involved with hearing
the inner ear functions in both hearing and equilibrium/balance
- To drain the middle ear in otitis media, the doctor may use myringotomy and tympanostomy
a. True
b. False
b. False
tympanostomy − used to drain the MIDDLE ear in ostitis media
- Pharyngotympanic tube connects the pharynx with
a. Outer ear
b. Middle ear
c. Inner ear
b. Middle ear
- Transmit vibrations of tympanic membrane to oval window of inner ear
a. Malleus
b. Incus
c. Stapes
d. All 3
d. All 3
the tympanic cavity contains three small bones [ossicles]:
1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes
transmit vibrations of tympanic membrane to oval window
of inner ear
- Which statement is wrong about bony labyrinth?
a. Those are tortuous channels worming their way through the temporal bone
b. Contains the vestibule, the cochlea, and the semicircular canals
c. filled with perilymph (similar to CSF, plasma)
d. Filled with plasma just like in the blood
d. Filled with plasma just like in the blood
- Cochlear structure are for hearing, semicircular channels are for balance
a. True
b. False
a. True
- The hearing sensation is base on wave vibrations
a. True
b. False
a. True
Match:
78. something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the inner ear (e.g., impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, osteosclerosis of the ossicles)___
79. results from damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells____
a. Sensorineural deafness
b. Conductive deafness
a. Sensorineural deafness
79. results from damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells____
b. Conductive deafness
78. something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the inner ear (e.g., impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, osteosclerosis of the ossicles)___
- Maculae are the sensory receptors for static equilibrium, contain supporting cells and hair cells,
each hair cell has stereocilia and kinocilium embedded in the otolithic membrane
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Otolithic membrane containing jellylike mass studded with tiny CaCO3 stones called otoliths/otoconia
a. True
b. False
a. True
81.Utricular hairs respond to horizontal movement (acceleration)
a. True
b. False
a. True
- Saccular hairs respond to vertical movement (gravity)
a.True
b. False
a.True
Match:
83.Nausea and vomiting, occurs when the visual and vestibular signals are unequal___
84.A perception of head motion when the head is still____
85.Otoliths from the utricle dislodge and float into the posterior canal, causing interference with cupula function_____
a. Vertigo
b. Motion sickness
c. Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo
a. Vertigo
84.A perception of head motion when the head is still____
b. Motion sickness
83.Nausea and vomiting, occurs when the visual and vestibular signals are unequal___
c. Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo BPPV
85.Otoliths from the utricle dislodge and float into the posterior canal, causing interference with cupula function_____
